Rocks and Minerals

Minerals

It is naturally occurring that is produced from activities in the geosphere. It should be made by natural process with the aid of any organisms.

Inorganic

There should be no human decays, animals, and things rich in carbon mixed in the mineral, no organic materials.

Homogenous Solid

Uniformed in appearance and shape, in solid state

Has definite chemical composition

Uniformity in their chemical compositions, elements combined

Has an ordered internal or crystalline structure

Atoms assemble, arrange in an ordered fashion

Luster

ability to reflect light and behavior of light as it is reflected by the surface of a mineral

Metallic

shiny like a polished metal

Non-metallic

pearl-like or dull

Hardness

ability of a mineral to resist scratching
- HARDEST: Diamond, SOFTEST: Tale

Color

what color or hue the mineral is. color becomes diagnostic property

Streak

the color of the mineral in its powdered form

Crystalline form/Habit

original/natural shape of a material before the development of any cleavage or fracture

Cleavage

the tendency of a mineral to break along direction (weakness point/zone) smooth finish

Fracture

weak point of a mineral without or with no cleavage, rough finish

Native Elements

metals or non-metals with no combination (silver)

Silicates

biggest group of minerals that have silicon and oxygen (feldspar)

Oxides

oxygen and metals. most are gems and are used in jewelry like rubies and sapphires (magnetite)

Sulfides

sulfur with metal that tend to be heavy and brittle (pyrite)

Sulfates

sulfur with metals and oxygen that tend to be soft and translucent (gypsum)

Halides

halogens with metals/metallic elements (table salt)

Carbonates

carbon, oxygen, and metal (dolomite)

Igneous Rocks

comes from magma or lava after they solidify or cool down

Intrusive Igneous Rock

formed from solidification of magma below the surface (granite, diorite, pegmatite)

Extrusive Igneous Rock

formed from the solidification of magma above the surface (basalt, obsidian, pumice)

Sedimentary Rocks

formed by the gathering/compilation of sediments (in or near the crust/surface)

Clastic

formed through mechanical weathering debris of rocks (sandstone)

Chemical

formed from deformed/dissolved materials precipitate from the solution (salt)

Organic

build up of plants or animals debris (fossil Perous limestone)

Weathering

physical or chemical breaking down of rocks

Erosion

eating away up of rocks, disintegrate (to create sediments)

Transport

the movement from the origin going to another place because of water, air, human beings, and animals

Deposition

where different sediments are setting down

Diagenesis

cementation, compaction, recrystallization

Metamorphic Rocks

created within the magma (molten rocks) chambers in the mantle and is created through pressure, temperature, and time

Foliated

has stripes or bands created by pressure

Non-foliated

has no stripes or bands