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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
A weakly acidic substance in the nuclei of cells that is the hereditary material of a cell
Nucleotide
The simplest subunit in DNA
Deoxyribose
A five-carbon sugar
Chargaff’s Rule
The rule of percentages in a DNA strand stating that the percentage of A is equal to the percentage of T, and the percentage of G is equal to the percentage of C
Antiparallel
A term describing the opposite movement of complementary DNA strands due to thei
Semi-Conservative Replication
A single strand of DNA nucleotides acts as a template for the formation of a complimentary daughter strand, where the daughter strand is made up of one half old strand and one half new strand
Helicase
An enzyme that unzips the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bonds in the double helix
DNA Polymerase 1
The enzyme that removes RNA primers and replaces them with appropriate nucleotides
DNA Polymerase 3
The enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA by linking together free nucleotides with bases complementary to the template strand
RNA Primer
A short segment that is attached to the template DNA strand that guides DNA polymerase 3 to its starting point
RNA Primase
An enzyme that creates RNA primers
Okazaki Fragments
The short fragments of nucleotides by which the lagging DNA strand is synthezsized
Protein
A long chain of specific sequence of amino acids
Transcription
The first step of protein synthesis involving splitting DNA and making a copy of mRNA
Translation
The second step of protein synthesis involving making proteins by using tRNA to bring amino acids as described by mRNA
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
A weakly acidic substance found in the cytoplasm of cells that is responsible for protein synthesis
Gene
A specific sequence of DNA that is a hereditary unit
Chromosome
A structure of nucleic acid and proteins that carries genetic information
Codon
Three nucleotides each containing its own nitrogenous base that codes for one amino acid on mRNA
Redundancy
The existance of several codons for each amino acid to allow room for error and stability form poor mutations
Frame Shift
A change in all subsequent codons resulting in an insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in an RNA sequence
