integumentary system

epidermis

X

dermis

x

subcutaneous or hypodermis

x

what are the regions of the dermis?

papillary region

reticular region

papillary region

uppermost region of the dermis connecting to the epidermis

reticular region

deep dense irregular connective tissue of the skin with accessory organs of the skin rooted within

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

learn from deep to superficial

1. stratum basale

2. stratum spinosum

3. stratum granulosum

4. stratum lucidum

5. stratum corenum

layers of the epidermis

stratum corenum

stratum basale

stratum corneum

the most superficial layer where all cells are dead

stratum basale

deepest single layer of cells where mitosis occurs producing new keratinocytes. new cells are pushed towards the surface and die

what are the parts of the dermis?

demal papillae

fingerprints

dermal arteries and veins

capillary loops

dermal papillae

extensions of the dermis into the epidermis

fingerprints

produced by the dermal papillae lying on top of dermal ridges in the palmar and plantar regions

dermal arteries and veins

extend upward through the dermis

capillary loops

inside dermal papillae to supply blood to the epidermis

hair follicle

epithelial tissue surrounding the root

root

any part of the hair within the follicle and in the dermis

hair shaft

emerges above epidermis

hair matrix

within the base of the follicle and root. similar to stratum basal, new cells are produced but quizky keratinized and die

arrector pili

a band of smooth muscle cells that connect each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis

when they contract, goosebumps form

eccrine sweat glands

Secretes a thin, watery secretion that is 99% water with dissolved salts

More concentrated on the palms and souls and forehead

apocrine sweat glands

slightly thick, milky yellow secretion that is typically water, proteins, lipids, and phermones producing

deeper in dermis than eccrine

sebaceous glands

make thick secretions of sebum or oil

free nerve ending

detect pain and temp

tactile propuscle

light touch receptors in hairless regions to discriminate surfaces

hair follicle receptors

stimulated when hair is bent

the receptor cells on the opposite side of the movement will regidter the sensation

lamellar corpuscles

detect deep pressure stretch and vibration

bulbous corpuscles

detect deep pressure and stretch

nail matrix

a region of nail growth

similar to stratum basal where new cells are produced and like hair are quickly karatinized

plain arch

ridges extend from one side of the finger to the other side

tented arch

two independent ridges come together and form an angle producing a delta

ulnar loop

start on the little finger side

contains a single core and a single delta

radial loop

loop starts on the thumb side

contains a single core and a single delta

whorl

makes a circular pattern or a spiral with typically a single core

double loop whorls

have 2 separate formations and 2 separate cores