Chapter 14 Energy Balance and Body Composition

Energy Balance

The relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure, influencing weight maintenance.

Positive Energy Balance

When energy intake exceeds expenditure, leading to weight gain, common in pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence.

Negative Energy Balance

When energy expenditure exceeds intake, causing weight loss, often due to reduced food intake or increased physical activity.

Kilocalories per Gram

Energy content of macronutrients - Carbs:4 kcal/g, Protein:4 kcal/g, Fat:9 kcal/g, Alcohol:7 kcal/g.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Energy used for basic physiological functions, influenced by various factors like age, gender, and body size.

Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)

Total kilocalories needed daily, including BMR, TEF, TEE, and adaptive thermogenesis.

Body Composition

Ratio of fat tissue to lean body mass, crucial for assessing health risks related to body fat.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Calculation relating body weight to height, used to screen for disease risk, though not always accurate for certain groups.

Disordered Eating

Abnormal eating patterns like binge eating, restrictive eating, or compulsive eating, leading to potential harm.

Eating Disorders

Psychological illnesses like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, requiring a multidisciplinary treatment approach.