Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Pectoral Girdle
A skeletal structure that supports the anterior limbs and is located posterior to the head.
What are the three pairs are endochondral bones of the endoskeleton? (running dorsal to ventral)
Suprascapula
Scapula
Coracoid
What are the four pairs are membrane bones derived from the ancestral dermal armor? (running dorsal to ventral)
Postemporal
Supracleithrum
Cleithrum
Clavicle
Scapulocoracoid
Coracoid has fused to the scapula
Interclavicle
A midventral, singular bone.
The dermal bone component is made up of what? (dorsal to ventral)
Cleithrum
Clavicle
Interclavicle
The endochondral bone component consist of what?
Scapula
Coracoid.
Fulcrum (aka “wishbone”)
The interclavicle in birds.
Coracoid Plate
A cartilaginous plate located in the lateral body wall
Ossification Centers
forms in the coracoid plate
Anterior centers gave rise to what?
Procoracoids
Posterior centers gave rise to what?
Coracoids
Glenoid
Shoulder joint
Coracoid Process
a projection on the scapula located over the Glenoid.
Therapsid pectoral girdle consisted of what?
endochondral bone component
dermal component
What is the endochondral bone component made out of?
scapula (with an acromion process)
coracoid
procoracoid
What is the dermal component made of?
clavicle
interclavicle.
What serves for muscle attachment?
supraspinous and infraspinous fossa
Pelvic Girdle
Designed to support the hind limbs.
What does the pelvic girdle consist of?
pelvic Plates that meet midventrally at the Pelvic Symphysis.
Name the ossification centers of pevlc plates
Ishium
Pubis
Ilium
Dorsal to the pelvic plate
Acetabulum
accommodates the head of the femur
How many transverse processes do amphibians have?
One pair
How many transverse processes do reptiles have?
Two pairs
How many transverse processes do birds and mammals have?
Three pairs
Sacral ribs
short ribs that ankylose on to the sacral transverse processes.
Pubic Symphysis (Ischial Symphysis)
a symphysis either between two pubis bones or two ischial bones
The sacrum and pelvic girdle form a bony closure called what?
Pelvis
Prepubic (Ypsiloid Cartilage)
A slender median cartilage coming off of the pelvic girdle and inserting into the abdominal muscle somites
What bones do reptiles have with their pelvic girdle?
Epipubic and Hypoischial Bones.
The ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse to form a single bone in mammals called what?
Os Coxa or Innominate.
Lepidotrichia
Rays in bony fishes
Actinotrichia
Extra structures that reinforce the fins
What does Lepidotrichia consist of?
jointed bony scales arranged end to end.
Ceratotrichia
Rays in cartilagnous fishes
What does Ceratotrichia consist of?
long, hollow rays similar to the dorsal spine of some shark species
Pterygiophores
Basalia and radialia
What are the three basalia?
Propterygia
Mesopterygia
Metapterygia
Claspers
exclusive to male chondrichthyes
What are the two types of median fins?
Dorsal
Anal
Gonopodium
modified anal fin in males
Caudal Fins Classification
tail
notochord
vertebral column
What are the three types of caudal fins?
Heterocercal
Diphycercal
Homocercal
Heterocercal Tails
the dorsal lobe is greater than the ventral lobe
Diphycercal Tails
the dorsal and ventral lobes being of equal size.
Homocercal Tails
dorsal and ventral lobes being of equal
size.
What is the difference between Diphycercal and Homocreal Tails?
The vertebrate column barely enters the dorsal lobe in Diphycercal tails while the notochord deeply enters the dorsal lobe in Homocreal Tails
Urostyle
ensheathed in caudal vertebral elements
Hypocercal tails
the reverse of the heterocercal tail
Tetrapods Limbs have what three components?
Propodium
Epipodium
Autopodium.
The Propodium is composed of what in the Forelimb?
Humerus
The Epipodium is composed of what in the forelimb?
Radius
Ulna
The Propodium is composed of what in the Hindlimb?
Femur
The Epipodium is composed of what in the Hindlimb?
Tibula
Fibula
Preaxial Forelimb
Radius on the thumb side
Postaxial Forelimb
Ulna on the pinky side
Preaxial Hindlimb
tibia (medial bone)
Postaxial Hindlimb
fibula (lateral bone)
Tibiofibula
The fibula united partially or completely to the tibia
Tibiotarsus
The tibia fusing to the tarsus (in birds)
Patella
specialized sesamoid bone
Manus
made up of wrist, palm, and digits
Carpus
anatomical word for wrist
The Proximal Row of carpus consist of what?
Radiale
Intermedium
Ulnare
Radiale
Carpal bone to articulate with the radius
Ulnare
Carpal bone to articulate with the ulna
Pisiform
Extra bone in the proximal Row that is a sesamoid bone that articulates with the ulnare.
What is the radiale in humans?
Scaphoid
What is the intermedium in humans?
Lunate
What is the ulnare in humans?
Triquetral
The middle row consists of what?
0-4 Centralia bones
What are the 4 rows in the distal row of humans?
Trapezium
Tapezoid
Capitate
Hamate.
Metacarpus
anatomical word for wrist
Phalange
anatomical word for digits
A phalange is composed of what?
2-3 phalanx bones
Pollex
2 phalanx bones are found in the median digit
How many carpal bones do bird have?
5 (two in proximal row, three in distal row)
Carpometacarpus
Three fused distal carpals
Alula
first finger in birds
What are the three modes of walking?
Plantigrade
Digitigrade
Unguligrade
Perissodactyls
odd toed ungulates having only 1 or 3 hooves for walking.
Artiodactyls
even toed ungulates having 2 or 4 hooves for walking.
Opposition
the ability to touch the tip of each digit successively.
Tarsus
anatomical name for ankle
The proximal row of Taurus consists of what?
Tibiale
Intermedium
Fibulare
Tibale
articulates with the tibia
Fibulare
articulates with the fibula
Astragalocalcaneus
the fusion of tibiale and fibulare in reptiles
What is the one Centralia in humans called?
Navicular (or Scaphoid)
The first distal tarsal in humans are called what?
Medial Cuneiform
The second distal tarsal in humans are called what?
Intermediate Cuneiform
The third distal tarsal in humans are called what?
Lateral Cuneiform
The fourth and fifth distal tarsal in humans are called what?
Cuboid
Metatarsus
the body of the pes
Phalanges
the digits of the pes
Prehallux
pestigial tarsal/metatarsal associated with a lost digit.
Tibiotarsus.
proximal tarsals are joined together and joined to the distal portion
Tarsometatarsus
The fusion of distal tarsals and metatarsals
Intratarsal Joint
the joint between the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus