(2.4) long term adaptations to wt training

weight / resistance training

a type of exercise that require exertion of static or dynamic force against equipment such as free weights and machines, or to own body for the purpose of conditioning and strengthening the different muscle groups

isometric muscle contraction

happens when the muscle is activated without a change in length nor the presence of joint movement

isotonic muscle contraction

happens when the muscle is activated with a change in length and with the presence of joint movement

muscular system

primary beneficiary of weight training exercises

muscular system

composed of organs that allows bodily movement and enables postural support

fascicle

bundle of muscle fibers

musle fiber

also called muscle cells and is where the contraction happens

myofibril

thin, strand-like structures that contains the actin and myosin

myofibril

enables contraction of a single muscle fiber and ultimately, the whole muscle itself

myosin, actin

contractile proteins that interact to produce a “shortening” movement that is later on translated to contraction

6:1

myosin to actin ratio in humans

atp

energy carrying molecule that makes the pulling-releasing of myosin and actin

overload principle

applying this principle to the muscles by overworking them causes the fibers to have micro tears

satellite cells

proliferate to the “damaged” area of the fiber where the micro tears happened

amino acids

fuse the damaged parts together in the micro tears

hyperplasia

growth of new myofibrils

type i / slow twitch

muscle type with high oxidative capacity which results to more oxygen, more capillaries, and less number of myosin

type ii / slow twitch

muscle type with high storage of glycotic enzymes resulting in more myosin

type ii x

type ii muscle fiber with fast twitch

type iib

type ii muscle fiber with a faster twitch

type iia

type ii muscle fiber that is a combination of slow twitch and fast twitch

type iia

ending fiber of type iix after getting modified, resulting in more endurance and less fatigue

muscle anti-oxidant enzyme

protects muscle fiber from oxidative damage byproduct

bone forming cells

stress from weight training triggers these cells into activity