Western Civ - The Protestant Reformation

What will break Europe's religious unity?

reformation

What does the reformation consists of?

new ideas concerning relationships with God and role of politics in religion

What did the RCC hold and how?

an monopoly by using the 7 sacraments

What does communion include the belief in?

transubstantiation

Who was minister in Zurich and protested the practices of communion, purgatory, fasting, praying to saints, and cleric celibacy?

Zwingli

What does Zurich become the center of?

Protestantism

What happens to Zwingli?

he is excommunicated and executed by the RCC

What is the Protestant movement shift after Zwingli?

to Geneva led by John Calvin

What type of faith did Calvin teach?

militaristic defense

What was Calvin's approach to teaching faith?

that he taught strict morality and God chose the elect to enter heaven

Where did people from France and England come to?

Geneva

What were the people called that came from France that were Protestant?

Huguenots

What were the Protestant people that came from England called?

Puritians

Who was Luther?

a child prodigy, studied law at Erfurt University

What happened to Luther?

he was trapped during a thunderstorm, he lived and questioned why God chose to let him live

Luther began to criticize what specifically of the RCC?

their practices of sale of indulgences

What did Luther do to a church?

posted lists of 95 complaints at church in Witenberg, Germany

What did Luther proclaim?

that salvation was only dependent upon faith in God

Who was Catherine Von Bora?

a nun that converted to Luther's teachings

What eventually happens to Luther?

he is excommunicated

The Civil War breaks out between what two houses?

Lancaster and York

What symbolized each house?

Lancaster was red rose / York was white rose

What was the war between the two houses called?

War of Roses

Who wins the Civil War?

Henry Tudor wins for Lancaster

Who does Henry Tudor marry and what happens?

Married Elizabeth York, uniting the two families. creating the House of Tudor

Arthur Tudor is marrying who?

Catherine of Aragon

Arthur dies 6 months after marriage and Catherine is comforted by who?

Prince Henry VII

Henry VII dies and who does Catherine marry?

Henry VIII

Henry VIII lived as what?

the Renaissance Prince

What 3 things did the Renaissance Prince (Henry VIII) do?

became an absolute ruler, built 60 palaces/castles, and created Royal Navy

Catherine has several failed what?

pregnancies

What does Henry believe that the miscarriages are a result of?

her sins

What does Henry plan to do?

Henry plans to divorce Catherine

Who refuses to end the marriage between Henry and Catherine?

Pope Clemite VII

So what does Henry call after Pope Clemite?

Archbishop Thomas Cranmer

What does the Archbishop Cranmer do?

ends the marriage between Henry and Catherine

After the marriage is ended, what does Henry VIII do?

marries Anne Boleyn, she is pregnant early on and announces a prince

What does Henry believe Anne to be? What does he plan to do?

unfaithful/ execute her at the Tower of London

What does Catherine do with Mary?

takes her to Spain and raises her as Catholic

Who does Henry marry after Anne?

Jane Seymour

Henry wanted Jane to do what and how?

prove herself by bearing a son

Who does Jane give birth to?

Edward

What did Henry regard Jane as? Where is she buried?

his true wife / buried in St. George's chapel

Who does Henry reach out to and why?

Holbein to travel to Europe and paint the most beautiful women he sees

Who does Henry marry after Jane?

Anne of Cleaves

What does Henry say about Anne of Cleaves?

was unfit for courtly life and had the face of a Flanders mare

What did Henry give Anne of Cleaves?

Anne Boleyn's castle

Who did Henry marry after Anne of Cleaves?

Katherine Howard (Anne Boleyn's cousin) she was 19 and he was 49

What is Henry told about Katherine Howard?

of Katherine's infidelity

How did Katherine Howard die?

she was beheaded

What does Henry want after his 5th wife?

stability

Since Henry VIII wants stability after Katherine Howard, what does he do?

he forces Katherine Parr to marry him

Who comes to the throne after Henry VIII dies?

Edward

What does Edward signify when he comes to the throne?

Henry's victory of RCC

What does Edward create?

Church of England (the Anglican)

Who is Mary Tudor?

was bloody Mary

Who reverts England back to RCC?

bloody Mary

What did Bloody Mary order the execution of?

300 protestants

Who was known as the Virgin Queen?

Elizabeth I

What was Elizabeth I first threat?

her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots

What happens to Mary Queen of Scots?

arrested for treason

Mary Queen of Scots is executed and who becomes leader of Scotland?

her son James

So what does Philip II do?

takes Spanish Navy to conquer England (the Spanish Armada)

What happens during the Spanish Armada?

Spain is stopped by a Protestant win, it created unified churches (known as umbrella churches). All Christians began to worship together causing the Puritans to leave

Who begins the house of Stewart?

King James I of England

What does king James I start?

union of the crowns

What kind of plot happens under King James I?

the gunpowder plot

What got translated under King James I?

the bible into English

What was King James I nickname?

James the Vain

What book did King James write?

True Law of free Monarchs

Who believed to be a closet Catholic?

Charles I

What did Charles I pass?

new taxes including ship taxes

Who began to question Charles's actions?

Parliment

What did Charles I do that was surprising?

entered the House of Commons, beginning the English Civil War (Hair War)

Who were the Royalists?

the kings army

Who was the Parliamentary army?

the Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell

What did Oliver Cromwell do?

led victory over Charles

What happened to King Charles I?

he was tried for treason then executed

Who banned dancing music and theater?

Cromwell

Who was the King during the restoration of the monarchy?

Charles II

After the Black Death and the Great Fire of London, who was the chief architect?

Sir Christopher Wren

What title did James II hold?

Duke of York

Who were James II two legitimate daughters?

Mary and Anne

James II remarries and has a son, but what is the problem?

he is feared to be a long lived Catholic

What does Parliament encourage William and Mary of Orange to do?

to depose James's glorious rebelllion

What is issued during William and Mary's rule?

the Bill of Rights

What 3 things are included in the Bill of Rights?

monarchs can't tax, declare war with parliament, and must be Protestant

So what happens under the rule of Queen Anne?

England and Scotland form Great Britain

Who is the next Protestant relative after Queen Anne?

Duke of Hannover (George I)

What does King George I begin?

House of Hannover

What did George I demand?

to rule as king in Parliament

What happens under the rule of George II?

Parliament creates position of Prime Minister (Walpole)

What does George III do?

leds Britain through the French and Indian War

What do the Prime Minister William Pit do under George III?

loses American colonies and during the revolution George goes blind and insane, so his son George IV assumes power

What new additions are added under George IV?

National Gallery, Buckingham Palace, Brighten Palace, and the last additions to Windsor Castle

Who was the Sailor King?

William IV

What happened under William IV?

abolishment of slavery across the British empire

What did Victoria I do?

marry Prince Albert

What happened under Victoria I reign?

House of Parliament burned, allowing for their reconstruction

What happens under Edward VII?

began new House of Sax (Coburg Gotha)