Livestock Production Systems I: Farming Systems

Flashcards covering common livestock terms, pig breeds, intensive vs. extensive production systems, and New Zealand-specific farming classifications.

Large White

A pig breed from Yorkshire, England, characterized by erect ears, slightly dished faces, white colour, pink skin, and long deep sides.

Duroc

A pig breed ranging from light gold to dark red with excellent meat quality, often used as terminal sires to produce white-skinned progeny.

Landrace

A long, muscular white pig breed with heavy, drooping ears that may have some meat-quality problems.

Hampshire

A pig breed with a shiny black coat and a white belt over the shoulder, known for good grazing and foraging abilities.

Steer

A castrated male cattle.

Wether

A castrated male sheep or goat.

Havier

A castrated male deer.

Barrow

A castrated male pig.

Gelding

A castrated male horse.

Capon

A castrated male chicken.

Heifer

A young female cattle.

Hogget

A young female sheep.

Doeling

A young female goat.

Hind or Doe

A mature female deer.

Gilt

A young female pig.

Filly

A young female horse.

Pullet

A young female chicken.

Intensive production

A farming system using large amounts of labour and capital relative to land area, common in pig, poultry, feedlot, and some dairy operations.

Extensive production

A farming system using small amounts of labour and capital relative to land area, typical for sheep and cattle farming in low productivity areas like the Australian outback.

Five Star Beef

A grain-fed cattle feedlot near Ashburton, NZ, housing approximately $14,000$ cattle.

Mudanjiang City Mega Farm

A dairy farm located in Heilongjiang, China, covering $22,500,000$ acres and housing $100,000$ cattle.

Anna Creek station

An extensive cattle farm in South Australia covering $6,000,000$ acres with a maximum of $16,500$ cattle.

Molesworth Station

New Zealand’s largest high country cattle station, covering almost $500,000$ acres ($185,000\,\text{hectares}$).

Free farmed (Pigs)

A system featuring an outdoor-based breeding herd and an indoor-based housing system for growing pigs post-weaning.

Free range (Pigs)

A system ($2\%$ of NZ pig production) where the breeding herd and grower-finisher pigs are reared outdoors.

Colony cages

An NZ layer hen housing system accounting for $33\%$ of production.

Exotic Newcastle disease

One of the two major poultry diseases that the New Zealand poultry flock is free of.

Romney

A dual-purpose sheep breed used for meat and coarse wool.

Merino

A sheep breed typically found in the South Island high country that produces fine wool.

Dairy System 1

An all-grass self-contained dairy system where all stock remain on the dairy platform.

Dairy System 5

A high-input dairy system where $25-40\%$ (up to $55\%$) of feed is imported and used all year.

BioGro New Zealand

One of the two largest organic certification bodies in New Zealand, alongside AsureQuality Limited.