Block 2 Instrument Kent State

Three ways to enter a hold

Teardrop

Parallel

Direct

direct entry

proceed directly to the fix then turn on the outbound course

Teardrop entry

Proceed direct to holding fix

Upon crossing fix, turn 30* from outbound on protected side

Fly this heading for 1 minute, then make turn it inbound course

Parallel Entry

Proceed direct to the fix

Upon crossing fix, turn to outbound course to parallel holding pattern on the protected side

Time for one minute, then make a big turn toward the protected side

You will turn close to 270* to re intercept inbound course

ATC holding instructions

1. Holding fix

2. Direction of hold in relation to fix

3. The radial, bearing, airway or route to hold on

4. The length in min. or miles

5. direction of hold

6. Expect further clearance

MHA

Minimum Holding Altitude

ILS

Instrument landing system

ILS components

Guidance information

-Localizer

-Glide slope

Range Information

-Marker beacons

Visual Information

-Approach lighting system

ILS aircraft equipment

-Nav radio reciver for LOC and GS

-VOR or HSI head

-Marker beacon display

-Optional equipment include ADF and DME

-Aircraft antennas for LOC, GS, marker beacons

GS

Glide slope

LOC

Localizer

LOC frequency range

UHF

108.10-111.95

LOC Range

First 10NM 35 degrees wide

From 10NM to 18NM 10 degrees wide

From far end of the runway

LOC degrees wide

3 to 6 degrees wide

Glide slope provides?

Provides vertical up/down guidance

GS Degrees

2.5-4 degrees

GS UHF range

329.15-335.0

Glide slope threshold crossing height

55 feet

Marker beacons MHz

75 MHz

Types of marker beacons

Outer marker (4-7 miles from airport) (Blue light)

Middle Marker (Amber light) (3500 feet for runway)

Inner marker (White light) (100 feet above TDZE)

TDZE

Touchdown Zone Elevation

Approach lighting system

Provide visual clues to help identify the runway

Localizer approach precision or non-precision?

Non-precision approach

LDA definition

Localizer Type Directional Aid

LDA

Non-precision approach

It not aligned with the runway

Course within 3-6 degrees

SDF definition

Simplified directional facility

SDF degrees

6-12 degrees

How many localizer frequencies are there?

40

Feeder route

provides a transition from enroute structure to initial approach fix

91.175

Know it verbatim

A approach speeds

0- 90

Adequate visual reference

Is shown as a reminder that at least one of the visual aides (lights) must be available

standard climb rate

200 feet per nautical mile

Visual Approach

Is conducted on an IFR flight plan and authorizes a pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport

Instrument approach procedure segments

Feeder

Initial

Intermediate

Final

Missed

Initial approach segment

Approach segment between the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) and intermediate fix

Feeder route

designate courses for aircraft to proceed from enroute structure to IAF

Intermediate approach segment

Approach segment between intermediate fix and Final Approach Fix (FAF)

Final approach segment

Approach segment between FAF and runway, airport, or missed approach point

FAF is depicted with a?

maltiese cross

Final approach point navaid is located where?

The nav aid is located on the field

Missed approach segment starts where?

Begin's at the missed approach point

When do you go missed when the VOR or navaid is on the field?

When the to/from flag flips

M

G

F

I

A

T

Missed approach

Guidance

Final approach fix

Inbound course

Altitude

Times

Before landing you need to check?

GUMPS

within 3 miles or 30 degrees of localizer

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Time

Tune

Turn

Throttle

Trim

Tires

Talk

How do you close a flight plan at a towerd field?

Closes automatically

How do you close your IFR flight plan at an uncontrolled airport?

Call FSS

NDB Theory:

Typrs of classes

Antennas

Uses

Errors

ADF recivers

LF to MF transsmitions range

190-535 KHz

ADF recivers also can tune AM frequencies. Range?

NDB compass locator range

Compass locator (15 NM) 25W

H NDB

50 nm (50-1999W)

HH NDB

75 nm (2000W)

Location of NDB antenna?

Loop

Pod under R model

Long wire on tail

ADF instrument types

Fixed card

Rotatable card (can be rotated to heading)

BFO

Beat Frequency Oscillator (a set frequncy against the interupted carrier )

REC

Receive (used to listen to AM broadcasts)

ADF modes (2)

Automatic direction finder

Test

ADF test should?

Moves the pointer clockwise or to the 90 degree point then back

Bearing

Is always to the station

Magnetic bearing formula. You will have to use

MH + RB= MB

Homing

Flying to the station with no wind correction

NDB errors

Night effect

Terrain effect

Thunderstorm (points to lightning)

Electrical effect

Attitude error

VOR frequency range

108.0 to 117.95

How do you receive a vor?

line of sight

VOR classes

Terminal

Low

High

VOR errors

Line of sight

Roughness

Terrain

Propeller setting

terrain effect

Ground waves can be reflected by mountains and buildings

VOR Types... Identify on chart

VOR

VOR/DME

VORTAC

TACAN

How to identify VOR

Morse code (every 3 sec)

Voice (every 15sec)

VOR checks take place every?

30 days

Before you fly IFR you need to test your?

VOR (every 30 days)

What must you include in a VOR check!!!!

date

place

bearing error if any

signature

VOR test facility

VOT

VOR checkpoints

Duel system check

VOT check

180 to or 360 from +- 4

VOR ground

+- 4

VOR airborn

+- 6

Duel VOR

4 degrees

VOR bench test

+- 4

DME uses what range?

Slant range

DME uses what frequency?

UHF

When is DME most inaccurate?

The higher and closer you are

You will have a bearing change question (slide 46)

efefwe

ILS

Instrument landing system

ILS provides?

Highly accurate lateral, vertical, and distance guidance

ILS components

Localizer

Glide sloap

Marker beacons

Approach lighting system

Memorize slide 50

def

Localizer VHF range?

108.10-111.95

4 times more sensitive than VOR

Localizer service volume

Sfc to 4500'

35º 0-10nm

10º 0-18nm

Glide slop degrees

3 degrees

Glide slop is located?

Next to runway 250-500 from centerline and 750-1250 down runway

Types of marker beacons

Distance

And light

Outer marker (4-7NM) (blue light)

Middle marker (3500 feet from threshhold) (amber light)

Inner marker (100 feet above touchdown zone) (white light

Back course marker (white light)

Middle marker is located

3500 feet from threshold

Amber light

Why holds are given?

Weather

trafic

Be able to draw a hold

sdds

Rule of thumb for wind in hold?

Tripple the crab angle

Know your holding speeds

what is a feeder route?

routes designed to send traffic into the main feeder route

Initial approach segment

Approach segment between the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) and intermediate fix