Waste managment

Generation

What is the 1st step in waste management cycle

Segregation

What is the 2nd step in waste management cycle

Collection

What is the 3rd step in waste management cycle

Storage

What is the 4th step in waste management cycle

Treatment

What is the 5th step in waste management cycle

Utlization/disposal

What is the 6th step in waste management cycle

Monitoring

What is the 7th step in waste management cycle

Manure & litter waste

What kind of waste are:

• Feces

• Urates

• Bedding

• Accumulatedmanure

Mortality & carcass waste

What kind of waste are:

• Deadbirds

• Cullbirds

• Carcasses

Hatchery waste

What kind of waste are:

• Unhatchedeggs

• Eggshells

• Deadembryos

• Chick fluff

Liquid waste

What kind of waste are:

• Wash water

• Cleaning wastewater

• Runoff

Veterinary waste

What kind of waste are:

• Vaccine/medicine containers

• Chemicals

• Needles

• Syringes

Emission

What kind of waste are:

• Ammonia

• Bioaerosols

• Dust

• Odor

Solid waste

What kind of waste are:

• Feedresidues

• Broken egg

• Packagingmaterials

• Feather

• Eggshell

Water pollution

What kind of environmental hazard is:

Improper poultry manure storage and application practices can lead to excessive nutrient runoff into waterways. These effluents are rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, which can disrupt the delicate balance of aquatic ecosystems, causing algal blooms and oxygen depletion.

Soil contamination

What kind of environmental hazard is:

Excess nutrients can alter soil composition, reducing its fertility and potentially rendering it unsuitable for crop production in the long run.

Air pollution & odors

What kind of environmental hazard is:

Poultry waste air pollution releases hazardous gases like ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide, alongside organic dust and bioaerosols.

Public inconvenience

What kind of environmental hazard is:

Accumulated poultry and hatchery waste attracts flies, rodents, and other pests that can be a nuisance and a health concern for surrounding communities.

Salmonellosis

What kind of bacterial & gastrointestinal disease risk:

Bacteria thrive in warm, moist poultry manure and litter, causing severe diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps in humans.

Compylobacteriosis

What kind of bacterial & gastrointestinal disease risk:

Transferred via contaminated runoff or direct contact, leading to acute enteritis.

Colibacollosis

What kind of bacterial & gastrointestinal disease risk:

Caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli strains spreading from poorly contained fecal waste into local soil and water.

West nile & encephalitis

What kind of vector-borne and zoonotic disease risk:

Culex mosquitoes breed rapidly in stagnant water pooling around poorly drained poultry facilities and wet manure lagoons.

Salmonellosis & campylobacteriosis

What kind of vector-borne and zoonotic disease risk:

Wild birds, rodents, and flies transfer bacteria from infected litter to feed, water, and surrounding soil.

Avian influenza (bird flu)

What kind of vector-borne and zoonotic disease risk:

Accumulated waste and high-density flocks allow viruses to persist and spread via aerosols, dust, and wild migratory bird attraction.

Chronic bronchitis

What kind of respiratory & air quality hazard:

Long-term exposure to dust and ammonia causes persistent coughing and mucus production.

Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS)

What kind of respiratory and air quality hazard:

A flu-like illness with fever and chest tightness following heavy dust exposure

Equipment contamination

What kind of contamination:

• Feeders, drinkers, and cages collect organic residues, allowing bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli to form stubborn biofilms

• Dust, feathers, and dried manure clog ventilation ducts, cooling pads, and automated watering lines.

Area contamination

What kind of contamination:

• Improper stacking of poultry litter leaches high concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals into the soil.

• Runoff from waste storage sites contaminates local groundwater and surface water with nitrates and harmful pathogens

Footpad Dermatitis

What effect on wet litter is this:

• Also known as bumblefoot or pododermatitis

• Constant contact with moisture and ammonia causes skin erosion, inflammation, and black ulcers on the birds' feet

Breast blisters and burns

What effect on wet litter is this:

• Caked litter causes continuous friction against the bird’s breast skin, leading to painful chemical burns, blisters, and feather loss.

Stunted growth uniformity

What effect on wet litter is this:

• Reluctant to move due to painful feet and respiratory stress, birds reduce their feed and water intake, creating uneven weights across the flock.

Poor feed conversion ration

What effect on wet litter is this:

• The birds are forced to consume more feed energy in order to stay warm rather than gain weight because cold, since wet bedding depletes their body heat.

Covered stockpiles

What storage of manure and litter is this:

• Usage of plastic sheeting protects from rain/erosion

• Choose high, well-drained location away from drainage ditches

• Use ditches to divert surface water

• Limitation: Least environmentally protective, it should be a temporary use only

Stockpiles with groundliners

What storage of manure and litter is this:

• Prevents nutrient leaching into groundwater

• Must be used with a cover

• Options: 6 mil plastic sheet on soil or concrete slab

• Critical: Remove all litter when pile is nearly empty to prevent leaching from leftovers

Permanent storage structures

What storage of manure and litter is this:

• Concrete floor and roofed cover

• Roof height must allow equipment operation

  • Less expensive functional structures are acceptable but it should still be protected from rain and groundwater

Runoff

This refers to excess liquid that flows into local waterways that carries contaminants.

Eavetroughs & downspouts

What to install to prevent runoff on poultry houses to carry clean rainwater away from production and manure storage zones. Providing proper drainage ditches around yards to stop pooling

3m

What is the minimum vegetation-free boundary around all buildings to discourage rodent and wildlife activity.

Dehydration

It is the removal of excess moisture from poultry manure and litter. It helps reduce odor, microbial growth, and makes the waste easier to handle and store.

Artificial drying

This method of drying uses heat or mechanical/forced air it is faster than natural drying and helps reduce moisture more quickly.

Natural dryuing

This method of drying uses sunlight and natural

airflow, less expensive and, requires less equipment. Usually takes longer and depends on weather conditions.

Primary macronutrients

What type of nutrients are these:

• Nitrogen (N)4.5% – 5.6% (high in uric acid)

• Phosphorus (P) 2.4% – 2.9%

• Potassium (K) 2.0% – 2.3%

Secondary macronutrients

What type of nutrients are these:

• Calcium (Ca) 3.2% – 8.1%

• Magnesium (Mg) 0.3% – 0.7%

• Sulfur (S) 0.3%

Micronutrients

What type of nutrient are these;

• Zinc (Zn)

• Copper (Cu)

• Boron (B)

• Iron (Fe)

• Manganese (Mn)

Composting

This is the Natural aerobic microbial process that breaks down manure and litter.

• Releases CO2, water, and heat

• Produces a stable, soil-like, humus-rich product.

• Helps reduce odor and waste volume.

Rendering

This is the processing carcasses using heat to cover useful materials.

Incineration

This is the burning carcasses at high temperatures.

Burial

This is the placing carcasses underground in an approved area.