Chem 30 Organic

Formula for naming carbon based alkanes

C(n)H(nx2+2)

Homologous series

Series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH₂

Isomers

Compounds with the same formula but different structures.

Methyl

When 1 hydrogen branch of from a single carbon molecule from the base-line of carbons

Ethyl

When 2 hydrogen branch of from a single carbon molecule from the base-line of carbons

Propyl

When 3 hydrogen branch of from a single carbon molecule from the base-line of carbons

Cycloalkane

A carbon ring made out of single bonded carbon molecules

Cycloalkane/alkene formula

C(n)H(2n)

Alkene

A hydrocarbon with a double bond

Alkynes

a carbon compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond.

Alkyne formula

C(n)H(2xn-2)

organic chemistry

A branch of chemistry involving the chemistry of living and once-living things

Organic compounds

Compounds which do not have oxides or ionic compounds included in them

Inorganic compounds

Compounds which have ionic bonding and/or carbon oxides

Saturated alkane

An alkane that does bond to the maximum amount of hydrogens that it can

Un-saturated alkane

An alkane that does not bond to the maximum amount of hydrogens that it can

Condensed structural formula

structural molecular formula showing the general arrangement of atoms but without showing all the covalent bonds

Isomer

Compounds with the same formula but different structures.

Addition reaction

When two compounds come together to make a larger compound

EX: C3H6(g) + Cl2 = CSH6Cl2(g)

Photosynthesis

6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + light --> C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g)

Respiration

C6H12O6(S) + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

Structural isomer

A compound with the same molecular formula but with a different structure

Aromatics

A description of an organic compound that is based around the benzene as its center group or as a branched phenyl group

Phenyl group

A benzene ring attached ad a branch to a parent carbon chain

Fractionation

How oil is processed, depends on variances in boiling point

Solvent extraction

An elimination reaction that uses the solvent in excess to remove certain parts of the mixture

Hydrocarbon deriviative

A hydrocarbon plus hydrogen and another functional group

Organic halide

An organic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an atom of a halogen; also known as a halocarbon

Functional group

An arrangement of atoms or bonds that allows for that specific compound to have unique chemical and physical characteristics

Substitution reaction

An organic reaction in which a carbon-hydrogen bond is broken in an alkane or aromatic

Hydroxyl group

A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.

Elimination reaction

An organic reaction that removes a specific group of atoms or molecules from a certain compound or polymer

Carboxylic acid

An organic compound that contains -COOH as a part of the chemical formula

Carboxyl group

-COOH

Condensation reaction

A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water, ammonia or hydrogen chloride, with a larger molecule

Ester

Formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Esterification

The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water.

Ester functional group

-COO-

Polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

Monomer

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

Polymerization

A chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound

Addition polymerization

When unsaturated monomers with double or triple bonds join together

Condensation polymerization

reaction where a polymer is made from two hydrocarbons with water , NH3 or HCl as the byproduct

Polyester

Many esters combined in a poly_____

Polyamide

A polymer in which the monomers ( one with two carboxyl groups and another with two amine (ammonia)) combine to form amide links (-CONH-)

Polypeptide

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide (-CONH-) bonds.