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Formula for naming carbon based alkanes
C(n)H(nx2+2)
Homologous series
Series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH₂
Isomers
Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
Methyl
When 1 hydrogen branch of from a single carbon molecule from the base-line of carbons
Ethyl
When 2 hydrogen branch of from a single carbon molecule from the base-line of carbons
Propyl
When 3 hydrogen branch of from a single carbon molecule from the base-line of carbons
Cycloalkane
A carbon ring made out of single bonded carbon molecules
Cycloalkane/alkene formula
C(n)H(2n)
Alkene
A hydrocarbon with a double bond
Alkynes
a carbon compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond.
Alkyne formula
C(n)H(2xn-2)
organic chemistry
A branch of chemistry involving the chemistry of living and once-living things
Organic compounds
Compounds which do not have oxides or ionic compounds included in them
Inorganic compounds
Compounds which have ionic bonding and/or carbon oxides
Saturated alkane
An alkane that does bond to the maximum amount of hydrogens that it can
Un-saturated alkane
An alkane that does not bond to the maximum amount of hydrogens that it can
Condensed structural formula
structural molecular formula showing the general arrangement of atoms but without showing all the covalent bonds
Isomer
Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
Addition reaction
When two compounds come together to make a larger compound
EX: C3H6(g) + Cl2 = CSH6Cl2(g)
Photosynthesis
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + light --> C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g)
Respiration
C6H12O6(S) + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
Structural isomer
A compound with the same molecular formula but with a different structure
Aromatics
A description of an organic compound that is based around the benzene as its center group or as a branched phenyl group
Phenyl group
A benzene ring attached ad a branch to a parent carbon chain
Fractionation
How oil is processed, depends on variances in boiling point
Solvent extraction
An elimination reaction that uses the solvent in excess to remove certain parts of the mixture
Hydrocarbon deriviative
A hydrocarbon plus hydrogen and another functional group
Organic halide
An organic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an atom of a halogen; also known as a halocarbon
Functional group
An arrangement of atoms or bonds that allows for that specific compound to have unique chemical and physical characteristics
Substitution reaction
An organic reaction in which a carbon-hydrogen bond is broken in an alkane or aromatic
Hydroxyl group
A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
Elimination reaction
An organic reaction that removes a specific group of atoms or molecules from a certain compound or polymer
Carboxylic acid
An organic compound that contains -COOH as a part of the chemical formula
Carboxyl group
-COOH
Condensation reaction
A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water, ammonia or hydrogen chloride, with a larger molecule
Ester
Formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
Esterification
The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water.
Ester functional group
-COO-
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Polymerization
A chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound
Addition polymerization
When unsaturated monomers with double or triple bonds join together
Condensation polymerization
reaction where a polymer is made from two hydrocarbons with water , NH3 or HCl as the byproduct
Polyester
Many esters combined in a poly_____
Polyamide
A polymer in which the monomers ( one with two carboxyl groups and another with two amine (ammonia)) combine to form amide links (-CONH-)
Polypeptide
A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide (-CONH-) bonds.
