Relation to Oral Physiology and Occlusion

Marginal gingiva

gingival borders that encircle the teeth in a collar manner

free gingival groove

shallow linear depression that separates the free and attached gingiva

free gingival margin

the visible edge of the marginal gingiva

attached gingiva

gingiva that tightly adheres to the bone around the roots of the teeth and is tightly bound to the periosteum

incisor region

where is the greatest width of the attached gingiva?

3.5-4.5 mm

what is the width of attached gingiva at the maxillary incisor region

3.3-3.9 mm

what is the width of attached gingiva at the mandibular incisor region

gingival sulcus

gingiva that extends from the free gingival margin to the functional epithelium

1.8mm

what is the average depth of the gingival sulcus?

cervical 3rd

Height of contour of the facial surfaces of all teeth

cervical 3rd

height of contour of the lingual surfaces of anteriors

cervical 3rd

height of contour of the facial surfaces of posterior teeth

middle 3rd

height of contour of the lingual surfaces of posterior teeth

chronic gingivitis

what is the worst effect of overcontouring?

overcontouring

contouring that results in:

- inadequate gingival stimulation

- supra/subgingival plaque retention

undercontouring

contouring that results in:

- food impaction

- periodontium trauma

anterior crowns

which crowns show the greatest curve of epithelial attachment?

- location of contact area

- FL/BL crown diameter

the extent of the curvature of epithelial attachment depends on what 2 factors?

it serves as a protective layer for the periodontal ligament, and measures periodontal health

what is the significance of the height of epithelial attachment

marginal ridges

rounded borders of the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth

1.6 mm

what is the measurement of the marginal ridges of premolars

2 mm

what is the measurement of the marginal ridges of molars

biplanar views (buccolingually and cervico-occlusally)

marginal ridge restorations should be viewed from what perspectives?

proximal marginal ridges must be of the same height

what is the height of proximal marginal ridges?

incisal/occlusal embrasures

which embrasures increase in size antero-posteriorly

cervical embrasures

which embrasures decrease in size antero-posteriorly

maxillary lateral incisor and canine

between which teeth is the longest incisal/occlusal embrasure

maxillary canine and 1st premolar

between which teeth is the widest incisal/occlusal embrasure

canine (distal) and 1st premolar (mesial)

between which teeth only have a proximal contact point?

mesial contact area

which contact area is always more occlusal?

diastemas

proximal caries (class 2, 3, 4)

faulty restorations

3rd molars

what are excluded from being counted as proximal contact areas?

contact areas move cervically and increase in size in an antero-posteriorly direction

describe the direction of the movement and size of proximal contact areas

IJ, JM, JM, MM, MM, MM, MM, M

What are the maxillary interproximal contact points?

II, II, IM, MM, MM, MM, MM, M

What are the mandibular interproximal contact points?

form

refers to biomechanical attributes to maintenance of teeth and supporting tissues

F/L embrasures

spaces that widen out from the contact area facially and lingually

I/O embrasures

spaces that widen out from the contact area incisally/occlusally

lamina propria

supporting connective tissue attached to the alveolar bone

gingival unit and attachment apparatus

division of the periodontium

overjet

horizontal overlap

overbite

vertical overlap

open bite

result of mandibular deficiency or excessive posterior eruption

crossbite

result of mandibular growth excess