psych unit 5

Trigger

stimulus cues that signal to our brain that we are in danger.

Fight or Flight response. Can lead to intense anxiety, trauma , PTSD.

Glimmers

micro-moments of joy that make us feel happy, hopeful, and safe

Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

there is a connection between the degree of life stress and major health problems

General Adaptation Syndrome

Han Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress as composed of three stages

adaptation-level phenomenon

our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

relative deprivation

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

positive psychology

focuses on studying and understanding the strengths of individuals that allows them to enable individuals and communities to thrive.

The Perma Model of Wellbeing

Positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment

Neurobiological

viewing behavior as the result of nervous system functions and biology (brain’s chemistry & depression)
includes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and medication

Psychoanalysis

developed by Sigmund Freud

behavior viewed as a reflection of unconscious aggressive and sexual impulses
uses free association and dream analysis

Behaviorism

focused on role of learning and observable behaviors in understanding human and animal actions.

all behaviors are learned through conditioned interaction with the environment.
employs methods like token economies and systematic desensitization

Humanism

behavior viewed as a reflection of internal growth

Never been totally accepted in mainstream psychology. hierarchy of self growth
uses active listening and unconditional positive regard

Social Cultural

behavior viewed as strongly influenced by the rules & expectations of specific social groups or cultures.

Cognitive psychology

(cognition=thinking)

Emphasizes how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics
involves rational emotive behavioral therapy

Evolutionary psychology

the evolutionary origins of behaviors and mental processes, their adaptive value the purposes they continue to serve or served in our emergence as a distinct species. example: taste aversion

Eclecticism

psychologists today tend to see different perspectives as complementary with each contributing to our understanding of human behavior

Biopsychosocial

approach that considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding human behavior

Psychological Disorder

a collective of symptoms marked by disruption to people’s thoughts, emotions or behaviors that causes distress or suffering.

thoughts, emotions, behaviours

diathesis stress model

predisposition for a condition is due to a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors that interact with stressors. high stress is high predisposition for a condition

4 ds of disordered behaviour

deviant

dysfunctional

distressful

danger

Prevalence

proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period.

medical model

diseases have physical causes and effects

DSM-V TR

system for diagnosing disorders only valid in north america - consider societal norms that differ by countries

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

person is always tense and anxious and it is not normal. related genetically to depression or childhood trauma

Panic Disorder aka ataque de nervioso

involves the experience of panic attacks (unanticipated and overwhelming biological, cognitive, and emotional experiences of fear/anxiety)

Social anxiety disorder

involves the intense fear of being judged or watched by others.

Taijin kyofusho

culture-bound anxiety disorder experienced mainly by Japanese people in which people fear others are judging their bodies as undesirable,offensive,or unpleasing.

Agoraphobia

Intense Fear of Specific social situations, including using public transportation, being in open spaces, standing in line

Personality Disorders

disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions

Dissociative Disorders

conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

associated with trauma (often extreme abuse)

Dissociative Identity Disorder

rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

formerly called multiple personality disorder

Lithium Carbonate

used for bipolar disorder

Antidepressants

such as SSRIs that increase serotonin levels

Antipsychotics

may lead to tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder

Anxiolytics

medications that reduce anxiety

Conversion Disorder

neurological symptoms without a cause

Schizoid Personality Disorder

social withdrawal and limited emotional expression

Antisocial Personality Disorder

disregard for others

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

presence of two or more distinct identities, possibly with amnesia

Dissociative Amnesia

memory loss related to stressful events

Borderline Personality Disorder

instability in relationships and self-image

catatonia

a state of unresponsiveness and immobility often seen in severe mental disorders, where the individual may exhibit extreme rigidity or unusual postures.

psychosis

a mental state characterized by a disconnect from reality, including symptoms like delusions and hallucinations.