Chemistry - Chapter 2-2.3

Types of bonds and their sturctures

Chemical Bonds

Forces of attraction that hold atoms or ions together in a substance

Electronegativity

A measure of the ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons.

Lattice Structure

Continuous, three dimensional networks of repeating units of positive and negative ions.

Lattice Enthaply

A measure of the energy required to break one mole of ionic bonds to form gaseous ions

Volatility

Refers to the tendency of a substance to vaporize

Electrical Conductivity

The ability to conduct electricity

Solubility

The amount of solute needed to form a saturated solution

Ionic compounds melting point

Ionic materials have very high melting points due to the strength of ionic bonds

Ionic compounds Electrical Conductivity

Electrical conductivity requires mobile charges. Therefore solid forms of ionic compounds are bad conductors, but liquid forms are good conductors.

Ionic Substances Soluability

Ionic substances are soluble in polar solvents and insoluble in non polar solvents

Ionic Materials Brittleness

Ionic materials are brittle due to the impact of forces which can displace a lattuce, leading to repulsion between charges ultimately breaking the lattuce.

Ionic Materials Volatility

Ionic materials tend to not evaporate due to the strength of bonds

Polarity

Related to the way electrons are distributed within bonds and molecules

Bond Polarity

Results in the difference in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms

Dipole Moment

The separation of charge between two non-identical bonded atoms

Malleability

The ability of a solid to be pressed or pounded into different shapes without breaking

Atomic radius

Half the distance between nuclei of atoms of the same element that are being bonded by a single covalent bond

Ionization energy

the energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of isolated gaseous atoms to form one mole of +1 gaseous ions

Electron Affinity

The energy change (in kJ/mol) when one mole of electrons is added to one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous negative ions