BIO FINAL

which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments

archaea

which statement is true about bacteria

bacteria contain a single circular chromosome

antibiotics are used to treat

bacterial infections

which two domains do the prokaryotes belong

archaea and bacteria

which organisms form lichens

cyanobacteria and fungi

which of the following is considered to be acellular

viruses

which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria but not viruses

diseases caused by them may be treatable with antibiotics

which of the following is a reason why green algae is considered to be protists rather than plants

most algae are single-celled, plants are multicellular

which group of algae are thought to be the most closely related to land plants

green

which of the following best describes most protozoans

heterotrophic and motile

the infective agent of which human disease has an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual reproductive phase in the anopheles mosquito

malaria

which group of organisms is mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems

fungi

at one time biologists thought that fungi were merely forms of plants that had lost their chlorophyl and evolved saprotrophy to obtain food. Which of the following is a reason why fungi are no longer classified with the plants?

fungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose

Which of the following is classified as a fungi

black bread mold

the aboveground portion of a mushroom is termed a basidiocarp. what is the function of the basidiocarp?

reproduction

you shake a basidiocarp and a cloud of powdery material is released. what was released?

spores

which of the following organisms has a true coelom

earthworms

filter feeders are

sessile or relatively inactive

the following statements refer specifically to sponges, specifically to cnidarians, or to both sponges and cnidarians. Which statement applies specifically to cnidarians?

Specialized stinging cells are used to help capture prey

ascaris is considered to be a

roundworm

which of the following infections is associated with a flatworm

tapeworm

although the many organisms classified as mollusks vary tremendously in appearance, they are all classified in the same phylum because they

have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot

which of these is a bivalve

oyster

earthworms are

annelids

a major characteristic of the arthropods is the presence of

jointed appendages

the largest animal group, both in number of species and number of individuals is the

insects

the major insect body parts are

head, thorax, and abdomen

which of the following organisms exhibit complete metamorphosis

butterfly

which pair exhibits the closest phylogenetic relationship

spider, tick

echinoderms and cnidarians

are both radically symmetrical

derm means skin so the name echinodermata literally means

spiny skin

ecology is best defined as the study of

the interactions between organisms and with their physical surroundings

an ecosystem contains

both the living organisms and the abiotic components of the environment

all of the organisms living in your front yard represent a

community

the relatively thin layer on the earth’s surface where life is possible is known as the

biosphere

population growth rate would be negative when

a death rate is greater than birth rate

the maximum per capita rate of increase for a population that can occur under ideal conditions is the

biotic potential

which of the following would allow optimal population growth

unlimited resources

a form of symbiosis in which one participant benefits while the other is unaffected is called

commensalism

a form of symbiosis in which both participants benefit is

mutualism

organisms that are parasites

are found in all kingdoms, and will sometimes use more than one host during its lifetime

which statement about parasitism is true

there are examples of parasites in every kingdom of life

an intimate relationship between two different species is called

symbiosis

interaction between two species as both attempt to use the same environmental resources is

competition

the role a species plays in the community is called its

ecological niche

the outbreak of a disease, such as the bubonic plague, that kills large numbers of people in a city is an example of

a density dependent factor

a population age structure diagram which shows the number of people in the pre-reproductive class is roughly equal to the number in the reproductive age class would be

narrow and roughly rectangular in shape

the maximum population that the environment can support for an indefinite period of time is called the

carrying capacity

if the total amount of solar energy captured by plants in an ecosystem is 10,000 kilocalories, how much of this energy will be available to the next trophic level

1,000 kilocalories

an ecosystem consists of what two components

biotic and abiotic factors

which of the following organisms would be considered a decomposer

mushroom

how are omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores similar

they are all consumers and produce carbon dioxide

once a nutrient enters an ecosystem

it can cycle endlessly in that ecosystem

the only heterotrophs required for an ecosystem to function are

decomposers

energy flow in an ecosystem begins with

autotrophs

the ultimate source of energy for the majority of organisms on Earth, including humans is

sunlight

ecologists have found that

energy flows one way through an ecosystem and requires an external input

which of the following can be classified as either a secondary or tertiary consumer

carnivore

settlers move into an area and harvest most of the foxes for fur. they are likely to see

squirrel populations increase

most natural food chains are only four or five links long. the number of trophic levels is limited because

the efficiency in the conversion of food eaten at each level is very low, about 10 percent

in a grazing food chain

primary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms

a detritus food chain begins

with decaying matter

how is a carnivore like a herbivore

both pass on much less energy to the next trophic level than they received

approximately what percentage of the energy in one trophic level becomes incorporated into the next level?

10%

when withdrawal from an aquifer exceeds the rate of recharge, this is known as

groundwater mining

what drives the movement of winds across the face of the Earth

the unequal heating of the surface of the earth by the sun

trees such as oak and maple and animals such as foxes and deer are found in the

temperate deciduous forest

which biome has the greatest diversity of species and total amount of living matter

tropical rainforest

following number of ant species are calculated … the most likely reason for the different number of ant species in this list is

the amount of photosynthetic production, length of the warm season, and diversity of plants

grasslands lack trees because

of the limited rain

which would be characterized by rainfall under 25 cm/year, hot days, cold nights, and spiny-leafed plants

desert

the bottom of a lake or stream that harbors worms, clams, and other organisms in the

benthic zone

which of the following is called the nursery of the sea

estuary

when an ocean brings cold, nutrient rich water to the surface, it is called an

upwelling

which organisms provide most of the nutrient supply in the ocean

phytoplankton

where would a rain shadow be located

the leeward side of a mountain range located near the ocean

why is a rocky seashore inhabited by more types of organisms than a sandy seashore?

it is easier for organisms to attache to the rocks

a coral reef community would be best described as

a densely populated community that only occurs in shallow water near the shoreline

why is the energy of the sun less intense at the poles as compared to the equator

sunlight is spread wider at the poles and therefore less intense

which of the following factors will have the greatest impact in determining the type of biome in a location

temperature

the broad term that describes ecosystems based on their characteristic climate and their particular community of plants and animals is

biome

resources that are not in limited supply are called

renewable resources

ecosystems are based on complex interactions between communities. what are possible consequences from a disruption of these interactions?

increases in extinctions

biodiversity is commonly described in terms of

species diversity

pandas live in the midst of bamboo forests …

landscape diversity

what is the main use of most of the world’s freshwater supply

irrigation of crops

the depletion of the world’s fisheries is most likely due to which of the following

commercial large - scale fishing

which form of renewable energy is considered diffuse energy and must be collected, converted to another form, and stored if it is to compete with other available forms of energy

solar

which of the following is the main reason that species go extinct

habitat destruction

which of the following is an example of a species native to the United States

buffalo

Rosy periwinkle, the nine-banded armadillo, and some species of fungus and bacteria have

medicinal value

the regulation of climate, cleansing of freshwater, and support of ecotourism are examples of what type of value drawn from biodiversity

indirect

the use of wheat, corn, rice, and other crops modified from wild ancestors are an example of what type of value drawn from biodiversity

agricultural

an example of ecotourism would include

vacationing to hike or watch birds in a natural outdoor environment

which evidence for evolution includes impressions of plants and animals pressed into sedimentary rock

fossil record

archaeopteryx is a fossil that clearly seems to be an intermediate form between dinosaurs and birds. they are termed

transitional links

the age of the earth is estimated to be about

4\.6 billion years old

which of the following describes the absolute dating method

radioisotopes decay at constant rates and the ratio of isotopes to stable elements provides an approximate age to a fossil

the extinction of dinosaurs has been associated with

a meteor impact

mass extinctions

have occurred about 4 or 5 times in fossil record