REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 AND THE LIFE OF JOSE RIZAL

Flashcards covering the history of RA 1425 (Rizal Law), the family, education, travels, major works, and historical impact of Jose Rizal.

Republic Act No. 1425

Also known as the Rizal Law, passed on June 12, 1956, requiring the study of Jose Rizal's life and works in all schools.

Sen. Claro M. Recto

The primary author of the Rizal Bill who believed Filipinos must return to the ideals of freedom through Rizal's writings.

Sen. Jose P. Laurel

The Chairman of the Committee on Education who defended and sponsored the Rizal Bill in the Senate.

Pangulong Ramon Magsaysay

The Philippine president who signed Republic Act No. 1425 into law.

Noli Me Tangere

One of Rizal's major novels, mandated by RA 1425 to be studied in schools.

El Filibusterismo

Rizal's second major novel, specifically included in the curriculum mandated by RA 1425.

Senate Bill 438

The original bill number of the Rizal Bill before it was passed into law in 1956.

Unexpurgated

The original, unabridged version of Rizal's novels required for study at the college level.

Abridged

Guided or shortened versions of the novels used for elementary and secondary levels under the RA 1425 compromise.

Exemption

A provision allowing students with deep religious objections to skip reading sensitive parts of the novels, though they must still take the course.

Catholic Action of the Philippines

One of the groups that opposed the passage of the Rizal Bill.

Knights of Columbus

An organization that stood with the Catholic Church in opposing the Rizal Bill.

Pastoral Letter

An official letter issued by Archbishops claiming the Noli Me Tangere had 120 parts attacking the Catholic faith.

Excommunication

A threat made by some clergy to remove lawmakers from the Church if they supported the Rizal Bill.

Nationalization

Sen. Recto's counter-threat to have the government take over schools if Catholic institutions closed in protest of the bill.

June 12, 1956

The specific date when Republic Act No. 1425 was officially signed into law.

Pilosopong Tasio

The character in Noli Me Tangere who questioned the doctrine of Purgatory in Chapter 13.

Indulencia Plenaria

Divine pardon for the punishment of sins, which Rizal satirized through characters like Hermana Rufa.

Padre Florentino

The noble priest in El Filibusterismo who monologues about God's justice before Simoun's death.

Historical Contextualization

The teaching strategy of explaining 19th-century Philippines to help students understand the context of Rizal's criticisms.

Padre Damaso

The arrogant and abusive priest character in Rizal's novels.

Padre Salvi

The deceitful priest character in Rizal's novels.

Padre Fernandez

The Dominican professor in El Filibusterismo described as open to dialogue and fair to students.

Kanser ng Lipunan

A term referring to the colonial system and abuses described by Rizal as the 'Cancer of Society.'

Francisco Mercado Rizal

Jose Rizal's father, an industrious farmer and businessman from Biñan.

Teodora Alonso Realonda

Jose Rizal's mother and his first teacher who taught him the alphabet and prayers.

Domingo Lam-co

Rizal's paternal Chinese ancestor who moved to the Philippines in the late 17th century.

Ines de la Rosa

The Chinese mestiza who married Rizal's ancestor, Domingo Lam-co.

Eugenio Ursua

A maternal ancestor of Rizal with Japanese lineage.

Principalia

The high social class in 19th-century Philippines to which Rizal's mother's family belonged.

Saturnina

The eldest Rizal sibling, also known as Neneng.

Paciano

Jose's only older brother and mentor who funded his studies in Europe and became a General in the Revolution.

Narcisa

The sibling who found the location of Jose's body at Luneta; also known as Sisa.

Olympia

The Rizal sibling who died during childbirth.

Lucia

The sister whose husband, Mariano Herbosa, was denied a Christian burial.

Maria

The sibling with whom Jose often exchanged letters about personal matters; also known as Biang.

Concepcion

The sibling who died at age three, marking Jose's first experience of deep sorrow.

Josefa

The sibling who remained unmarried and was an active member of the Katipunan Women's Chapter.

Trinidad

The recipient of the alcohol lamp containing the poem 'Mi Ultimo Adios.'

Soledad

The youngest Rizal sibling and the most educated among the sisters.

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz

Jose Rizal's formal teacher during his early schooling in Biñan.

Roman Empire

The group for internos (boarders) at the Ateneo Municipal.

Carthaginian Empire

The group for externos (non-boarders) at the Ateneo Municipal.

Marian Congregation

A religious organization at Ateneo in which Jose Rizal was very active.

Sobresaliente

The highest academic honor ('Excellent') Jose received upon graduating from Ateneo.

Philosophy and Letters

The first course Jose enrolled in at the Universidad de Santo Tomas (UST).

Ophthalmology

The specialized medical field Jose chose to treat his mother's failing eyesight.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

The book by Harriet Beecher Stowe that served as a primary inspiration for Rizal's Noli Me Tangere.

Maximo Viola

The friend who lent Jose money to print the first edition of Noli Me Tangere in Berlin.

Berlin

The city where Noli Me Tangere was finished and published in 1887.

Valentin Ventura

The friend who funded the publication of El Filibusterismo in Ghent, Belgium.

Ghent

The city in Belgium where El Filibusterismo was published in 1891.

New Calamba

Rizal's failed project to establish a Filipino farming colony in Borneo.

Dapitan

The place in Mindanao where Rizal was exiled for four years from 1892 to 1896.

Rachophorus rizali

A species of frog discovered and named by Jose Rizal during his exile in Dapitan.

La Liga Filipina

The organization founded by Rizal in 1892 that authorities viewed as subversive.

Pobres Frailes

Anti-friar leaflets allegedly found in the luggage of Rizal's sister, Lucia.

Gob. Heneral Ramon Blanco

The Governor-General who permitted Rizal to fly to Cuba but is seen as leading him into a trap.

Fort Santiago

The location where Jose Rizal was imprisoned before his trial and execution.

Consejo de Guerra

The military court that conducted the trial of Jose Rizal.

Rebellion

One of the primary legal charges against Rizal, alleging he was the brain of the revolution.

Sedition

A charge against Rizal alleging his works incited the people to rebel.

Camilo de Polavieja

The Governor-General who signed the death sentence of Jose Rizal.

Mi Ultimo Adios

Jose Rizal's final poem (My Last Farewell), hidden in an alcohol lamp.

December 30, 1896

The date of Jose Rizal's execution at Bagumbayan.

Bagumbayan

The execution site of Jose Rizal, known today as Luneta Park.

Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos

Rizal's essay refuting Spanish claims that Filipinos were naturally lazy.

Filipinas dentro de cien años

Rizal's essay predicting the eventual freedom of the Philippines within a century.

A la Juventud Filipina

A poem where Rizal identifies the youth as the 'hope of the fatherland.'

Liham sa mga Kadalagahan sa Malolos

A letter praising 20 women for their bravery in establishing a night school to learn Spanish.

Spoliarium

The famous painting by Juan Luna representing the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish rule.

Segunda Katigbak

Jose Rizal's first love, whom he met when he was 16 years old.

Leonor Valenzuela

A neighbor Jose wrote letters to using invisible ink made of salt and water.

Leonor Rivera

Rizal's 'eternal love' and cousin, who served as the inspiration for the character Maria Clara.

O-Sei-San

A Japanese woman who taught Rizal the Japanese language and culture; real name Seiko Usui.

Gertrude Beckett

The daughter of Rizal's landlord in London who had feelings for him.

Nellie Boustead

A woman Rizal considered marrying in Biarritz, but they disagreed over religion.

Josephine Bracken

The Irish woman from Hong Kong who lived with Rizal in Dapitan as his common-law wife.

1861

The birth year of Jose Rizal.

Biñan

The town where Rizal had his first formal education under Maestro Justiniano.

Madrid

The center of the Propaganda Movement where Rizal studied and engaged in political activism.

La Solidaridad

The organization and publication in Spain through which the Propaganda Movement operated.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

A fellow propagandist with whom Rizal had leadership conflicts in Madrid.

Biarritz

The location in France where Rizal finished writing his second novel, El Filibusterismo.

Aqueduct

The water system Rizal engineered in Dapitan using limited local materials.

Polymath

A term describing Rizal's proficiency in many different fields such as medicine, linguistics, and engineering.

Invisible Ink

A solution of salt and water used by Rizal to hide his private letters to Leonor Valenzuela.

Henry Kipping

The English engineer whom Leonor Rivera was forced to marry by her mother.

1887

The year Rizal first returned to the Philippines after publishing Noli Me Tangere.

Gob. Heneral Terrero

The Governor-General who advised Rizal to leave the country in 1888 for safety.

Brussels

A city in Belgium where Rizal lived while writing El Filibusterismo.

Pepe

The common nickname for Jose Rizal.

11 sisters and brothers

The total number of children born to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso.

Hong Kong

The city where Rizal practiced as a successful ophthalmologist before returning to the Philippines in 1892.

Margarita Valenzuela

A woman from Pagsanjan, Laguna, known as 'Miss L.'

Pastora Acosta

A woman from Dapitan, also known as 'Torina,' who had a brief connection with Rizal.

Suzanne Jacoby

A woman from Belgium whom Rizal befriended during his stay in Europe.

Simoun

The protagonist of El Filibusterismo, symbolizing revenge and radical change.

333 pages

The length of the Noli Me Tangere as identified by the Church in their 1956 pastoral letter.

1872-1877

The years Jose Rizal spent studying at the Ateneo Municipal.