Ch. 16 | Airway & Ventilations

Upper Airway

Type of Airway that contains:

1. Tongue

2. Uvula

3. Pharynx

4. Larynx

Lower Airway

Type of Airway that contains:

1. Thyroid Cartilage

2. Cricothyroid Cartilage

3. Cricoid Cartilage

4. Glottis

5. Epiglottis

6. Trachea

Ventilation

The physical act of moving air in and out of the lungs

Inhalation

The active muscular part of ventilation

Exhalation

A passive process and does not normally require muscular effort during ventilation

Oxygenation

The process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream

Respiration

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

External Respiration

A type of respiration that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Internal Respiration

A type of respiration that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic circulation and the cells of the body

External Respiration and Perfusion

What are the two processes that must take place in order to prevent tissue death and provide adequate oxygen?

Hypoxia

When tissues and cells do not receive enough oxygen

Cyanosis

A blue or purple skin color

Dyspnea

When a responsive patient has a short of breath feeling

V/Q Mismatch

A failure to match ventilation and perfusion

Hypoventilation

Slow and/or Shallow breathing

Hyperventilation

Rapid and/or Deep breathing

Hypercapnia

Increased carbon dioxide content in arterial blood

Hypocapnia

Decreased carbon dioxide content in arterial blood