Global History - Study Guide

Sumerians

Cuneiform - Development of writing helps aid governance, commerce, and spread of knowledge

Sumerians

Wheel - carts improve overland connections

Sumerians

Trade - Connected to neighboring cultures

Akkadians

Sargon - 1st true empire in world history!

Akkadians

Language - aided in commerce and diplomacy

Akkadians

Postal service - supported a network of communication across the empire.

Chaldeans

King Nebuchadnezzar - ruled "New Babylonia"

Chaldeans

Hanging Gardens - one of the seven wonders of the ancient world

Chaldeans

Defeat of Egypt - Led to the building of a powerful walled city

Babylonians

King Hammurabi - Code of Hammurabi

Babylonians

Architecture - Building of fortifications and temples

Babylonians

Centralized government - Administration and taxation

Phoenicians

Commercial cities, seaports - established colonies like Carthage

Phoenicians

Technology - Ship-building (multi-decked wooden ships)

Phoenicians

Alphabet - 22 symbols and basis for phonetic

Phoenicians

Purple dye - extracted from sea snails

Assyrians

The City of Nineveh - beautified by gardens, zoos and artwork

Assyrians

Library - contained thousands of Mesopotamian writings

Assyrians

Trade - developed colonies that served as centers for trade/banking

Hebrews

David and Soloman - built first temples and ruled over Hebrew kingdoms

Hebrews

Monotheism - belief in one god (Yahweh) and development of the Hebrew bible

Hebrews

Hebrew bible - collection of Jewish texts

Hittites

Cultural blending - writing, religion, law, and agriculture

Hittites

Metal work - bronze and eventually "the magic of iron" (tried to keep it secret) weapons

Hittites

Law Code/Literature - Independent of Babylonian law and introduced historical narratives

Mesopotamia

"Land between the rivers"

Mesopotamia

The Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia

Irregular and unpredictable flooding

Mesopotamia

Theocracies - Governments ruled by divine rulers

Mesopotamia

Center of urban areas

Mesopotamia

Mud-brick temples used for religious purposes

Egypt

The "Gift of the Nile"

Egypt

Regular and predictable flooding

Egypt

Early civilizations developed monumental architecture

Egypt

Pharaohs - ex. Menes

Egypt

Theocracy

Indus Valley Civilization

City of Mohenjo-Daro

Indus Valley Civilization

Around 2500 BCE

Indus Valley Civilization

Indus River Valley

Indus Valley Civilization

Modern day Pakistan

Indus Valley Civilization

Monsoon rains

Indus Valley Civilization

Hindu-Kush and Himalaya Mountains

Shang/Zhou China

Developed along the Huang He and Yangtze Rivers

Shang/Zhou China

Irregular flooding - Loess (Soft fertile soil)

Shang/Zhou China

Built dikes, canals, and basins to store water and rainfall.

Shang/Zhou China

Chinese Dynasties

Shang/Zhou China

Dynasty - family based kingdom

Shang/Zhou China

Xia - First Dynasty according to legend

Shang/Zhou China

Followed by the Shang Dynasty

Shang/Zhou China

Bronze making

Shang/Zhou China

Writing system - Pictograms and evolved into characters

Shang/Zhou China

Tax rolls, imports/exports

Shang/Zhou China

Oracle bones - inscribed questions to communicate with ancestors

Shang/Zhou China

Zhou Dynasty - 12 century B.C.E.

Shang/Zhou China

Political development - Professional bureaucrats or shi (men of service)

Shang/Zhou China

Merchants and traders did exist

Shang/Zhou China

Long distance trade despite geographic barriers

Shang/Zhou China

Shift from matrilineal to patrilineal in determining family power

Shang/Zhou China

Women lost social status

Olmecs

Known as the "rubber people"

Olmecs

Mesoamerica - Gulf of Mexico

Olmecs

Based on agriculture

Olmecs

Kingship/ruling families

Olmecs

Carved and traded jade or conquered others to get it

Olmecs

30 and 365 day calendar

Olmecs

Legend of Quetzalcoatl - Polytheistic

Olmecs

Spoken language is still unknown

Chavin

Andes Mountains

Chavin

Amazon River Basin

Chavin

Capital, Chavin de Huantar built at 10,000 feet

Chavin

Metallurgy - Worked with gold and silver

Chavin

Produced pottery, textiles, and ceremonial items

Chavin

Domesticated Llama - "beasts of burden"

Chavin

Transported goods throughout mountains

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