Life Orientation_ Term 1 & 2 (2023)

Topics include : Self-esteem and Awareness; Gender roles; Fitness; Life domains; Diversity and discrimination; Study skills

Self-awareness

What you know about yourself.
- know your: skills, strengths, weaknesses, likes, dislikes etc.

Self-esteem

How you feel about yourself.
- how much you like yourself.

Self-development

How you can improve yourself.
- strengthen weaknesses and build on your skills and strengths

Stretagies to build your self-awareness

Keep and open mind and be prepared to try new hobbies and discover new interests.
Practice self-discipline.
Set boundaries for yourself that help you stick to your values.

Factors that influence self-awareness and self-esteem

What other people say about you.
What happens in your life.
How well you cope with the difficult things in your life.
Your response or reaction to your successes and failures.

Skills to talk to someone

C - be CALM and friendly.
H - hold your tongue, listen to what they say.
A - ask questions about their interests.
T - acknowledge the TALENTS that make the person unique.
S - smile.

Power

To have control over a person or environment.
- the ability to get things done.

Power relations

The sharing of power between two people in a relationship.

Gender

Refers to the characteristics of women and men that are social constructs as well as relationships with each other.

Stereotype

When a group of people are judged based on a single quality or characteristic.

Effects of gender inequality

Increase in:
- sexual abuse and violence.
- teenage pregnancy
- STI's, including HIV and AIDS
- mental illness

Cardiovascular fitness

Ability of your heart, blood vessels and lungs to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to the cells of your body to meet the demands of physical activity.
Means you have a strong heart, large lung capacity and lower blood pressure.

Activities to improve cardiovascular fitness

Walking.
Cycling.
Dancing.
Swiming.

Physical fitness

Ability to perform physical activities well, and to have energy left for other tasks.

Muscular strength

The ability of your muscles to exert force.
Means you have strong muscles and tendons, fewer back problems, less tiredness and fewer injuries.

Activities to improve muscular strength

Lift weights.
Climb steps quickly.
Shot put.

Endurance

The ability to exercise for a long time without getting tired.

Activities to increase endurance

Cycling.
Weight lifting.
Running.
Swimming,

Flexibility

The ability to move your joints and use your muscles through their full range of motion around a joint.

Benefits of flexibility

Increases range of motion.
Prevents and reduces muscle soreness.
Increases speed.
Improves athletic performance.

Activities to improve flexibility

Stretching.
Swimming.
Yoga.

Benefits of regular physical activity

Reduces stress, worry and depression.
Increases confidence.
Helps with sleep.
Improves brain functioning, concentration, focus, memory and alertness.

Being domain

Who you are

Physical being

Health.
Nutrition.
Exercise.
Hygiene.
Clothing.
Physical appearance.

Psychological being

Mental health.
Thinking.
Feelings.
Self-awareness.
Self-control.

Spiritual being

Values.
Rules on how to act and behave.
Morals.
Spiritual and religious beliefs.

Becoming domain

What you do to achieve your goals, hopes and wishes.

Practical becoming

The everyday actions you take to live.
- going to school, paid work.

Leisure becoming

The activities that promote relaxation and lessen your stress.
- social interaction, spending time along.

Growth becoming

The activities to promote, improve or keep up the standard of your knowledge and skills.
- studying, reading, learning.

Belonging domain

Fitting in with your physical environment and being accepted by your social environment.

Physical belonging

Your link with your physical environment.
- home, school, workplace.

Social belonging

Your link with your social environment.
- family, friends, teachers.

Community belonging

Your access to resources and services usually available to community members.
- clinics and health services, social services, employment.

Exploitation

The use of someone or something in a way that helps you unfairly.

Diversity

Difference and variety

Discrimination

Unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice

Prejudice

Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

Bias

To give someone or a group unfair preference or favour them unfairly.

Ubuntu

African philosophy based on care and understanding, our connectedness to each other, our shared humanity and the desire to understand and respect each other.

Human trafficking

The global illegal transport of people across international and local borders.

Reasons for human trafficking

Sexual exploitation and forced marriage.
Organ harvesting.
Slave labour.

Protection agencies

Look after your human rights and protect you from the violation of your rights.

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies

Help to provide relief and aid in poor and war-torn countries and communities.
They aim to:

* prevent and lessen human suffering
* protect life and health

The United Nations Children's Fund

Works for children's rights, survival, development and protection.
It aims to:
- advocate for the protection of children's rights
- help meet children's basic needs
- establish children's rights as lasting ethical principles

The United Nations Security Council

Authorises peacekeeping forces.

Importance of the Bill of Rights

Holds the government accountable to protecting the rights and dignity of all the citizens of the nation.
A cornerstone of democracy in South Africa.
Enshrines the rights of all the people in the country and affirms the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom.

The Convention on the Rights of the Child

Sets out the rights that must be realized for children to develop to their full potential.
Recognizes the fundamental dignity of all children and the urgency of ensuring their well-being and development.

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

Adopted in 1979 by the Un General Assembly.
Often described as an international bill of rights for women.
It defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.

Equality courts

Protect you from unfair discrimination, you can ask these courts to help you with harassment and hate speech and unfair discrimination.

South African Human Rights Commission

National institution to support constitutional democracy, it promotes, protects and monitors human rights for everyone.

Study skills

An array of sills which tackle the process of organizing and taking in new information, retaining information or dealing with assessments.

The 6 study skills (MOCCRL)

Memory.
Organization and Time management.
Comprehension.
Concentration.
Reading.
Listening.

Study methods

Methods and strategies a learner can make use of when studying.

Listening

The ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process.

Ways to improve listening skills

Maintain eye contact.
Visualize what the speaker is saying.
Limit judgments.
Don't interrupt.
Ask clarifying questions.

SQ4R reading method

1. Survey the textbook and chapters.
2. Start with a question.
3. Read.
4. Respond to your question.
5. Record your notes.
6. Review your notes

Suggestions to improve reading skills

Practice everyday.
Test yourself after reading and see how much you remember.
Good lighting and few distractions can make the process easier.

Techniques for reading efficiently

Skim-reading, look at a text quickly and try to pick out the main themes and sentences.

Scanning, look at a text to find a particular fact.

Reading for detail, going through each line.

Comprehension

The ability to understand information being absorbed.

Concentration

The ability to think carefully about something you are doing and nothing else.
- allows you to better use your resources and approach problems more efficiently.

Ways to improve concentration

Eliminate distractions.
Reduce multi-tasking.
Eat well.
Get enough sleep.
Take short breaks.

Short-term memory

Where you keep information while you are using it, and until you either discard it or transfer it to your long-term memory.

long-term memory

Related to what you did in the past but some of what is stored may relate to more recent events, a place where your brain stores information that it wants to keep.

Tips to improve your memory

Practice remembering the information or skill.
Expand on what you know and make connections.
Work out the answer as you go.
Review what happened.
Make use of mnemonics.

SMART goals

goals that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound

Benefits of time management

Less stress in completing assignments.
More time to do things.
More balance and control in your life.

Note taking

The practice of recording information from different sources and platforms.

Benefits of note taking

Keeps you alert.
Engages your mind and keeps you thinking.
Emphasizes and organizes information.
Creates a condensed record for study.

Taking better notes

Repetition, regularly review your material.
Pictures, they are easier to remember.
Abbreviations and symbols, save time.
Write short, to the point sentences.

Mind-mapping

Use words and images to create strong associations that help you remember what you're studying.
Give you an effective method of taking notes and planning essays.

Mind-map tips

Use single words/uncomplicated phrases.

Print words, easier to read.

Use color to separate different ideas.

Use symbols and images.

Use cross-linkages.

Summarizing

Telling the most important parts of a text, in a much shorter way.
Improves student's memory for what they read and acts as a check for comprehension.

Critical thinking

A kind of thinking in which you question, analyze, interpret, evaluate and make a judgement about what you read, hear, say or write.

Becoming a better critical thinker

Clarify your thinking purpose and context.
Question your sources of information.
Identify arguments.
Analyze sources and arguments.

Abilities of a critical thinker

Someone with critical thinking skills can:
Understand the links between ideas.
Determine the importance and relevance of arguments and ideas.
Recognizing, building and appraising arguments.
Identify inconsistencies and errors in reasoning.