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What is required for the activation of most B cells (B-2 B cells)?
Most B cells require T-helper cell signals for activation, and T-dependent (TD) antigens cannot activate B cells without T cell help.
How are T-dependent (TD) antigens recognized and processed by B cells?
TD antigens are recognized by the B-cell receptor, internalized, and processed via MHC class II processing.
They are then recognized by a T cell that has a receptor capable of recognizing the same antigen.
What signals are required for the activation of a TD antigen-recognizing B cell?
To activate a TD antigen-recognizing B cell, a T-helper cell must provide:
Cytokine signaling through cytokines like IL-4.
Cell-surface interaction between CD40 on the B cell and CD40 ligand on the T cell.
What is the role of cytokine signaling and CD40-CD40L interaction in B-cell activation?
Cytokine signaling (e.g., IL-4) and the CD40-CD40L interaction act together with antigen recognition to promote B-cell activation and differentiation.
