7.2 Minor Head Injuries I Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI)

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI)

An injury caused by a blow or violent shaking of the head, often leading to concussion; usually not easily diagnosed and may present with subtle symptoms.

MTBI Injury Mechanisms

Diffuse (stretching/tearing of nerve fibres across the brain) and focal (damage to a specific area, either at the blow site or opposite it).

Long-term Risk of Repeated MTBIs

Potential long-term brain damage.

Common Thinking-related Symptoms of MTBI

Reduced concentration, slower information processing, memory problems, and difficulty making decisions.

Common Physical Symptoms of MTBI

Headaches, nausea, fatigue, sensitivity to light/noise.

Common Emotional Symptoms of MTBI

Irritability and reduced emotional control.

ED/UC Treatment for MTBI

Pain meds, anti-nausea meds, observation, CT scan, neck X-ray if needed.

Key Home Care Steps After MTBI

Rest, avoid overstimulation (TV/phone/reading), ice packs, paracetamol for headache, avoid aspirin/NSAIDs, no alcohol or sedatives, not alone for 24 hrs, no driving.

Warning Signs After Discharge

Repeated vomiting, increasing confusion, altered consciousness, seizures, severe headache, weakness/numbness, vision disturbance.

Common Recovery Symptoms After MTBI

Headaches, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, fatigue, mood changes, amnesia around the event.

Return to Sport After MTBI

Only when symptom-free for at least 1 week.

Persistent Symptoms After MTBI

Patients should see a GP; may be referred to occupational therapy or neuropsychology.