SOCIAL STUDIES 10 SA 1.1

Contemporary Issues

present-day social, political, educational, or scientific problems

"What urgent issue needs response now?"

Trends

pattern of change over time

"What is changing and what direction?"

Impact of an issue to general public, requires discourse and discernment

Public Dimension

Impact of an issue to an individual

Personal Dimension

This issue affects every living organism on Earth.

Environmental Issue

This issue is related to financial stability, economic status.

Economic Issues

This issue regards policies, territorial disputes, politicians.

Political Issues

This issue is related to gender gaps.

Gender Issues

This issue regards human rights as a citizen.

Citizenship Issues

example of an economic issue

Poverty Porn

Examples of political issues

Territorial dispute between Philippines & China over West Philippine Sea, Political Dynasties

Examples of Gender Issues

Filipino women suffer gender gaps in labor participation

Global Warming

an increase in average global temperature since the Industrial Revolution

Climate Change

long-term change in the average weather patterns

Weather

Atmospheric conditions that occur over a short period of time

Climate

long term (at least 30 years) regional or even global average temperature

Greenhouse Effect

Natural Warming of the Earth that results when gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun

human activities that whether intentional or unintentional, damage the environment, resulting in environmental change

Man-made cause of environmental change

environmental changes caused by the Earth's physical processes without direct human intervention, such as earthquakes, heat waves, wildfires, etc.

Natural cause of environmental change

cutting down trees without permits, often in protected areas

Illegal Logging

excessive extraction of minerals without proper rehabilitation

Overmining

large scale clearing of forests for agriculture, settlements, or industry

deforestation

gradual decline in forest quality due to unsustainable human activities

forest degradation

use of banned methods such as dynamite or cyanide to harvest fish

illegal fishing

capture, sale, or smuggling of wild animals and plants against the law

Illicit Wildlife Trade

Examples of Man-made environmental problems

1. illegal logging

2. deforestation

3. forest degradation

4. overmining

5. illegal fishing

6. illicit wildlife trade

a set of 17 global goals, aiming to safeguard that the well-being of the future generations through the wise and responsible use of the environment

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

what year does the UNEPA aim to complete the 17 SDGs?

2030

leading international authority dedicated to environmental protection

UN Environment Programme (UNEP)

This act is a comprehensive plan for attaining and maintaining clean air for all Filipinos

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA NO. 8749)

This act mandates the implementation of the proper segregation and management of solid waste

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003)

This act helps reduce carbon emissions and control the number of vehicles on the road

The Electric Vehicle Industry Development Act (EVIDA) or RA 11697

What are owners of hybrid and electric vehicles exempted from?

Number coding scheme

This act aims to organize the implementation process for the protection and preservation of the country's water resources

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (RA NO. 9275)

big-picture policies made by leaders in high position of authority to address environmental challenges

Top-down approach

Challenges of Top-down approach (at least 3)

1. extended period of consultation

2. less creative or less practical standards

3. deficiencies in implementation

this approach gives citizens the greater freedom to create their own processes in addressing environmental issues

bottom-up approach

Challenges of bottom-up approach (at least 3)

1. complexity of coordinating and integrating solutions

2. significant time of consultation

3. delays in critical management functions (planning, budgeting, forecasting)

4. decentralized

Top-down approach order

1. national government

2. local government unit

3. barangay

4. citizens

(upside down pyramid, arrows pointing down)

Bottom-up order

1. national government

2. local government unit

3. barangay

4. citizens

(right way up triangle, arrows pointing up)

sets the national policies and ensures that it is carried out based on national priorities

national government (TD APPROACH)

manages local implementation of local policies and programs in their locality

LGU (TD APPROACH)

creates local ordinances and programs based on the LGU's plans

barangay (TD APPROACH)

follow the barangay ordinances, which are aligned with the national law

citizens (TD APPROACH)

own neighborhoods, showing a willingness to act for the good of society

citizen (BU APPROACH)

manages local implementation of local community-led policies and programs

barangay (BU approach)

helps implement programs and passes ordinances that support the initiative of the barangay

LGU (BU approach)

sets national policies & ensures that it is carried out based on national priorities & needs of local communities

National government (BU approach)

This principle emphasizes understanding beliefs, practices, and values within their own cultural context rather than judging them by the standards of another culture

cultural relativism

effect of illegal logging

increased risk of floods & landslides

effect of deforestation

soil erosion and reduced agricultural productivity

effect of illicit wildlife trade

decline in biodiversity and extinction in species

effect of illegal fishing

collapse of coral reefs & depletion of fish stocks

effect of forest degradation

reduced carbon absorption and weakening of natural climate regulation