TISSUES

Tissues:

• tissue classes

group of alike cells that come from same region and work tg to perform a specific role in the organ.

• Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular

Epithelial Tissue:

• Special Charateristics:

• Simple Epithelia:

  • simple squamous:

  • simple cubodial:

  • simple columnar:

  • pseudostratified:

• Stratified Epithelia:

  • stratified squamous:

    • exfoliation:

  • Stratified cubodial (example):

  • Stratified columnar (example):

1 or more cells thick, closely pack, covering body surfaces, glands, skin

• Polarity (apical basal), closely held by tight junctions, supported by CT (basal lamina), No blood vessels but has nerve supply, regeneration

• 1 layer

  • flaky,scaly

  • cube-shaped

  • column-shaped

  • falsely layers. producing mucus coating

• 2 or more layers (only worry bout top)

  • most widespread (Keratinized; on surface; cover w/ dead skin cells; water repellent) (Nonkeratinized; abrasion resistance b/c it produces mucus like tongue, esophagus, vagina)

    • cells separate with the surface (rubbing skin)

  • sweat glands, follicular ovaries, testes

  • rare; pharynx, larynx and male urethra

Connective Tissue:

Matrix:

Functions:

Examples of different variables of CT:

Most widely distributed and variable, consisting of fibers and ground substances

substance between CT

Binding of Organs, Support, Physical protection, Immune protection, movement, Storage, Heat production, Transport

Bone, Fat, Cartilage, Blood

What do all CT have in common?

Arise from mesenchime, diff degrees of vascularity, large amount of Extracellular matrix

Structural Elements of CT?

Ground Substance: extracellular matrix

• IF

• Cell adhesion proteins: glue that attach cells to matrix like proteoglycans

Cells

Fibers

Cells in CT

Fibroblasts:

Macrophages:

Leukocytes:

Plasma Cells:

Mast Cells:

Adipocytes:

produce fibers in ground substance

phagocytic cells that destroy bacteria

white blood cells; spend time in CT

synthesize antibodies; seen in intestines

secrete herapin (inhibit clots) & histamine ( ^ Blood Flow)

fat cells

-blast:

-clast or -phage:

Collagenous FIbers:

Elastic Fibers:

produce

desotry, devour & digest

made of collagen; tough, resistant to stretch

protein elastin, coiled to allow stretch

Difference between Loose/Dense CT

Loose→ much ECM & not alot of fibers. Dense→ spaced occupied by fibers

Areolar tissue:

• loose or dense

• found?

Reticular Tissue

• made of

• forms

• space filled w/

• loose or dense

Adipose Tissue:

• loose or dense?

• vascular or avascular?

• space filled with?

organized fibers, abundant blood vessels

• loose

• under the epithelia of body, lamina m

reticular fibers and fibroblasts

structural framework for lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

blood cells

loose

tissue where adipocytes are the dominant cells

• loose

• highly vascular

• areolar, reticular tissue and blood capillaries

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

• Named for what two properties?

• Found in

• vascular or avascular?

• collagen fibers closely packed and fibers are parallel

• tendons and ligaments

• poorly vascularized

Cartilage CT:

• what the cells called?

• avascular or vascular?

• Hyaline cartilage:

• Elastic cartilage:

  • example

• Fibrocartilage:

  • example:

a CT with a flexible rubbery matrix

• chondroblasts

• avascular

• in human body/ the end of movable joints

• flexible, support

  • ear, epiglottis

• compression/absorb shock

  • pelvis, spine, meniscus

Bone (CT)

• What type of tissue

• What two forms of tissue?

Haversian canal:

• Osseous Tissue

• Spongy bone

  • (Trabecular bone) a honeycomb of small needle-like pieces helping protect by holding bone marrow at the ends of the bone

• Compact bone

  • (Cortical bone) outside layer of bone with dense deposits of minerals arranged in concentric circles around a haversian canal

nerves & BV that supply w/ nutrients

Blood

• What type of tissue?

• Function:

• Consists of?

• Fluid

• transport

  • Plasma: 95% water

  • Erythrocytes: RBC

  • Leukocytes: WBC (only complete cells)

  • Platelets: fragments of cells, responsible for clotting

Nervous Tissue

• Found in ?

• Cells are called…

• functions

• consists of?

• Brain, spinal Cord, and nerves

• neurons

• generate and conduct nerve impulses

• supporting cells and nueroglia cells that insulate and protect

Muscle Tissue:

• avascular or vascuzlr?

• Function?

• Consists of…

• Three types

• well vascular

• movement

• myofilaments: protein bundles of actin/mysin

• skeletal muscle: straited, cylinder shaped, voluntary, movement

• cardiac muscle: straited, branched, only in myocardium, involuntary

• smooth muscle: found in hollow organs, squeeze things through organs, involuntary