Ancient Africa and Islam

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Last updated 2:45 PM on 4/15/24
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9 Terms

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Arabian Peninsula Geography

Mostly desert with fertile areas near oases; includes important cities like Mecca and Medina.

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Pre-Islamic Arabia

Polytheistic society with various tribes and clans; significant trade location between Asia, Africa, and Europe.

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Muhammad

Born in Mecca in 570 CE; received revelations from Allah and preached monotheism; migration to Medina in 622 CE marked start of Islamic calendar.

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Five Pillars of Islam

Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting), Hajj (pilgrimage).

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Spread of Islam

Through military conquest, trade, and missionary activities; expanded under Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates.

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Rightly Guided Caliphs

First four caliphs after Muhammad's death; known for expanding Islamic territories.

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Sunni-Shi Split

Sunni supported caliphs, Shia believed in Ali's descendants' leadership; disagreement over Muhammad's successor.

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Umayyads

Established hereditary rule, moved capital to Damascus, expanded territories to North Africa, Spain, and Central Asia.

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Abbasids

Overthrew Umayyads, established Abbasid Caliphate; Golden Age of Islam with scientific, medical, and philosophical advancements.