Chloe Ngo Copy of Stiver - HSP3U1 Exam Review-2

What is anthropology?

The broad study of humankind around the world and throughout time, including human origins, biological characteristics, and cultural development.

What do cultural anthropologists study?

They study how people who share a common cultural system organize and shape their physical and social world.

What is linguistic anthropology?

A subfield of anthropology that focuses on understanding language and its relation to culture.

What is archaeology?

The study of past humans and cultures through physical material remains.

What is forensic anthropology?

The study and identification of skeletized or badly decomposed human remains.

What is physical anthropology?

The study of how the human species has changed physically over time, known as biological evolution.

What is participant observation?

A research method in which the anthropologist lives with the subjects and engages in their daily activities.

What is informed consent in anthropology research?

Subjects must be informed about the purpose of the research and the confidentiality they can expect.

What is the Bystander Effect?

A social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

What is cultural relativism?

The ability to understand a culture on its own terms without making judgments based on one's own culture.

What is ethnocentrism?

Measuring or judging one's own culture against another culture, often negatively.

What are the three phases of a rite of passage?

1. Segregation, 2) Transition (liminal stage), 3) Incorporation and reintegration.

What does natural selection refer to?

The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change based on the traits that confer advantages for survival and reproduction.

What does the term 'socialization' mean?

The process by which individuals acquire self-identity and the social skills needed for survival in their culture.

How does groupthink affect decision making?

Groupthink leads to a situation where group members strive for consensus and lose the ability to critically evaluate alternatives.

What are primary groups?

Small groups characterized by intimate and personal relationships, such as family and close friends.

What is structural functionalism?

A sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

What is conflict theory?

A sociological perspective that focuses on the competition between groups for power and resources in society.

What does the term 'norm' refer to in sociology?

A behavior expected in certain situations.

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation comes from within, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards.

What is the role of the limbic system in behavior?

It regulates emotions and behavior, processing memory, thoughts, and motivations.

What is the main idea of Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development?

Personality develops in stages, where each stage features an emotional crisis and demonstrates how one handles life's challenges.