CIE IGCSE History - Dates and brief review

League of Nations established

1919: Post WW1 international organisation to maintain peace

League begins work with Vilna dispute

1920: League fails to resolve Poland - Lithuania dispute

Aland islands dispute

1921: League prevents war between Finland and Sweden

Upper Silesia dispute

1921-1922: League peacefully settles dispute between Germany and Poland over Upper Silesia

Corfu incident

1923: Mussolini ignores league after attacking Corfu and Greece has to pay Italy compensation

Bulgaria incident

1925: Greece forced to withdraw from Bulgaria by league after invading when soldier is killed after chasing stray dog over border.

Germany joins LoN

1926: Germany is accepted into the League, increasing its international status

Great Depression

1929-1933: The Great Depression weakens cooperation of the league

Manchurian crisis

1931: Japan invades Manchuria, league is slow and sanctions are ineffective.

Japan leaves the league

1935: Japan leaves league after being criticised for aggression in Manchuria

Abyssinian Crisis

1935: Italy invades Abyssinia, the league fails

Italy leaves the league

1936: Italy leaves the league after criticism for Abyssinia

Collapse of the league

1939: The league becomes irrelevant after the outbreak of WW2

Hitler becomes chancellor

1933: Marks the start of him beginning to overturn Versailles

Saar plebiscite

1935: Saar votes to return to Germany, heavily influenced vote, over 90 percent vote for return

Anglo - German naval agreement

1935: Britain allows German naval expansion

Rearmament announced

1935: Hitler begins to rebuild the armed forces

Remilitarisation of the Rhineland

1936: Germany enters the Rhineland with armed soldiers, faces no consequences

Spanish civil war

1936-1939: Hitler and Mussolini support Franco throughout the Spanish civil war

Anschluss with Austria (month and year)

March 1938: Germany unites with Austria

Munich agreement (month and year)

September 1938: Chamberlain and Daladier allow Hitler to annex the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia

Occupation of Czechoslavakia (month and year)

March 1939: Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia by force

Nazi-Soviet pact (month and year)

August 1939: Germany and USSR agree not to fight, so Hitler avoids war on 2 fronts

Invasion of Poland (day, month, and year)

1st of September 1939: German and Russian forces invade Poland (acting as WW1 trigger.

Britain and France declare war (day, month, and year)

3rd of September 1939: Britain and France declare war on Germany

Bloody Sunday

1905: Peaceful protesters lead by Father Gapon are shot by the Tsarist army

First Russian revolution

1905: Sparked by bloody sunday and fueled by long term disaproval of Tsar, the first Russian revolution happened and then was ended by the October Manifesto in October 1905

Russia enters WW1

1914: Battles like Masurian lakes and Tannenberg undermine confidence in the Tsar

Tsar takes command of army

1915: The Tsar leaves the capital and takes command of the army, leaving Russia to be managed by Alexandra

Rasputin murdered

1916: Shows corruption and loss of confidence

February revolution ( month and year)

February-March 1917: Strikes and protests are widespread throughout Russia

Tsar abdicates (month and year)

March 1917: Tsarist rule is ended.

Provisional government forms

1917: Unsuccessful prov gov is created from the Duma.

Lenin returns

April 1917: Lenin returns to Russia and delivers his April Theses

July days

July 1917: A series of armed demonstrations is shut down by the provisional government

Kornilov revolt

August 1917: General Kornilov attempts a right wing military coup. The provisional government arms the Bolsheviks to help them defend Petrograd. They succeed.

October revolution

October 1917: Bolsheviks, lead by Lenin and Trotsky, begin to seize power.

Storming of Winter Palace

October 1917: Bolsheviks use cannons from ship to shoot at winter palace. They then storm it, and have successfully seized power. They arrest Prov Gov ministers.

Decrees on Peace and Land

1917: Bolsheviks promise to end war and redistribute land from nobles amongst peasants

Treaty of Brest - Litovsk

1918: Russian treaty with Germany to leave WW1

Russian Civil War

1918-1921: The Reds defeat the whites in the Russian civil war.

Cheka established

1918: A secret police who suppress political opposition and revolution is established

War Communism

1918-1921: Policy of state control and grain requisitioning is established

Kronstadt rebellion

1921: Rebellious sailors are crushed by the Red army after rebelling

New Economic Policy

1921: Policy of limited capitalisn (i.e free market) introduced

Formation of the USSR

1922: Soviet Union officially created