KETTS REBELLION

How many rebels were there vs how many people lived in Norwich?

16,000 vs 16,000

How far is Norwich from London?

2/3 days marchs

What is pivotal about Norwich as a city?

England’s second city

What is important about East Anglia?

the most densely populated and indutrialised part of the country

What had thrown the textiles workers out of work?

a collapse in the textile industry as Norwich had had trade links with the Netherlands and Antwerp was in turmoil

What were many independent, small farmers affected by?

bdlyy affected by the enclosure of wooded pastoral areas by gentry and yeoman farmers

What religious feast was occuring in Wymondham?

a holiday for Beckett (had some of his bones) between the 6th and the 8th of July

Was this a pre-planned uprising, why?

No, occured spontaniously during a feast

Who was John Flowerdew?

a local law officer (Escheater and Feodary) proper gentry who was bornunto it

Why was Flowerdew upopular with the people?

he was in a dispute with the local people over a local abbey that he had bought ND WAS PULLING DOWN. THE TOWNSPEOPLE FELT THAT THE ABBEY BELONGED TO THE PARISH

Why was Flowerdew unpopular with Kett?

Flowerdew was rich and born into it, whilst Kett was not born into it and made his money by being a tanner, Kett thinks they are equals whereas as Flowerdew disagrees

What happened during the Wymondham feast?

drinking and festivities, crowds broke down some enclosure fences and hedges, including those of Flowerdew

What did the rebels see themselves as?

not rebels as they were simply concerned over local issues

Who was missing from East Anglia at this point in time, where were they?

The Howards! Surrey was executed in 1546,and Norfolk was in the tower awaiting execution

How could have the Howards have helped?

as the local nobility they could have stopped the rebellion from the offset

Why was Kett involved in the rebellion?

no one really knows, may have been because he cared about the issue, or may have been to get back at Flowerdew

Where is Mousehold heath?

on a hill overlooking the city

What happened when the rebels reached Mousehold heath?

they camped,not marched

When do the rebels reach Norwich and then Mousehold heath?

on the tenth and twelfth of July respectively

What initially paralysed the authorities of the county?

the size and speed of the movement

What happened when the rebels first reached Norwich?

there was an uneasy truce (partly as the people in the city knew the rebels and partly because the mayor, Thomas Cou says not to do anything until they recieve instructions from central government

What does a Sheriff do when the rebels reach Norwich?

nearly arrested when he attempts to disperse the rebels

Who arrived on the 21st July?

The York Herald

What does the York Herald offer?

a full pardon, with a conciliatory tone promising to prohibit landlords from acting as farmers and clothiers,to reduce the price of wool by one third and to appoint comissioners to reform abuses

What does the York herald’s pardon show?

the rebellion was not seen to be serious

What was people’s response to the York Herald’s pardon?

many wish to accept it but Kett rejects it

Why were some people (including Kett) offended by the pardon?

implies they had committed treason, which they felt that they hadn’t

What did the York Herald do after his pardon was rejected?

order his swordbearer to arrest Kett, but the mood grew ugly and he was forced to retreat

What did the rebels steal from Great Yarmouth?

A CANNON

What is interesting about how the rebels use the cannon?

aim it at Norwich, but so that the projectiles always landed just outside the city walls

When does conflict first occur, why is this important?

after the first visit of the York herald, shows the rebels were reluctant to fight as many would fight their own friends and famnily (not serious)

What is the intialconflict with Norwich like?

uneventful,rebels execute one person and capture mayor (treat him well)

What is important about the archers in Norwich?

are stationed on the city walls, but dont fire as the rebels moon them

At what point does the government respond to the rebellion?

after the inital skirmish at Norwich

What four hands does Norwich pass through during the rebellion?

Mayor, Kett, Parr, Kett

Who is William Parr, Marquess of Northampton?

Katherine Parr’s brother

Who is sent to deal with the rebels, how big is his army?

Northampton,1,600 strong

What happened when Parr reached Norwich?

he went with orders to negotiate and cut off the rebels supply lines, arrived on the 30th July and occupied Norwich

What happened when Parr offered a full pardon to all those who disperesed?

most of the rebels were set firm and only 20 respinded, they still wished to neogtiate

Who was the first member of the aristocracy the rebels delt with, what was the problem with him?

William Parr, but he did not wield the weight of his authority in negotiations with Kett

What did Kett do when Northampton took Norwich?

left with no option but to attack and his army succeeded in capturing Norwich

Macculoch quote about Northampton?

had succeeded in turning a vast popular demonstration into a full scale rebellion, when everywhere else the commutions had been defused

What happened after Kett retook Norwich?

Northampton retreated in diisgarce to London, his inept handling of the situation had created a crisi for the gov

What happened after northampton retreated to London?

Comissions were issued for the militias to be raised in all he counties around Norfolk, troops were taken from the garrisons on the border with Scotland and merceneries employed. Warwick at the head of a force of 12,000 arrived outside Norwich on 23rd August

What is occuring at the same time as the rebellion?

western rebellio, french declare war in August and threat of Scotland

What did the men say as the royal herald arrived at camp, but what happened?

put of theyr caps and cryed God save King Edward, the offer of pardon from Northumberland was extended?

What was important about Northumberlands pardon?

was not extended to Kett, Kett still prepped to meet Northumberland butother leaders shoot this suggestion down

What happened between Kett and Northumberland’s armies?

professional army ground down the resistance of the rebels

What is the prophecy?

ancien medeval folklore ‘one day the vale of Dussindore would run red with blood’

What did Kett do on the 26th August?

made the fatal decision to abandon their fortified position on the top of Mousehold heath and take up hstily constructed defences in the vale of Dussindale

What happened after the rebels went to Dussindale?

Northumberland’s army was bolstered by another 1,000 foreign mercenaries and the scene on the 27th August was one of carnage, three thousand rebels were slaughtered 

Why were so many rebels slaughtered?

didn’t even have proper weapns, vs a qualified men on horseback?

When was Kett arrested?

after felleing the battlefield he was arrested the next day

What happened to Kett and his brother?

tried fro treason and hanged on the 26th November, Kett at the castle and his brothe at Wymondham cathedral

What does Mcculloch say about executions?

only found evidence of 49 executions

What did Northumberland do to the rebels vs what did the nobles want?

Northumberland delt with them in accordance to the law whilst the nobles were bloodthirsty

What economic concerns are addressed in the demands?

enclosurement, issues surrounding common land and access to it, wishes for rents to return to Henry VII levels, an end to rack renting, lords should collect their own rents, stop priests being lands, all bushels to be one stick, tenants do not want to pay for the bailif, no man below a knight will own a dovecote unless inherited, fisherman want their own profits, want payment lost during rebellion

Is the rebellion reactionary or revolutionary?

reactionary

What social issues are addressed in the demands?

issues surrouding enclosurement, end to bond men, rivers free, rabbits only kept by the gentry

What political issues are addressed in the demands?

issues with feodarys who should be chosen by the people, end to nepotism from feodarys, end to wardship (bar the kings), landowners shou;d have to follow the rules,

What religious issues are addressed in the demands?

bad preachers should be taken away and the people should choose a new one, priests shouldn’t work for nobles or gentry, priests shoudl educate children, no gentry or lords to become religious leaders, priestsneed to stop taking so much money from the people

Macculoch quote about the rebellion?

more like a rough and ready garden party than the centre of misrule that the government mde it out to be

What was the rebellions view on religious policy?

fully supported the government’s religious policy

How many areas of Norfolk were involved in the rebellion?

22 out of the 32

What were the tone of the articles like?

respectdul - ‘we pray’

How big was the army that crushed the rebels?

12000

What is Neville’s estimation about the execution?

300 were executed (unlike Mcculoch)

How can the rebellion be seen to be organised?

food parties, legal court and services under the Oak of reformation

How many mercenaries were used by Northumberland?

1000

How did Northampton make the situation worse?

didnt negotiate

Where were there lots of other rebel camps?

throughout east Anglia

What is an example of the rebels supporting the gentry?

dovecotes

Which types of people were not involved in the rebellion?

nobles, gentry and clergy

Where were troops diverted from to deal with the rebellion?

Scotland

How many rebels accept the kings pardon a second time?

only 20

How did the rebels run mousehold heath?

fairly and effectively, setting up their own court, sending out searches for food with comissions in he king name

Why did the rebels think that Somerset would be sympathetic?

known as the ‘ggod duke’ due to his social policy, percieved sympathy at the flight of the poor and enclosurement, created a tax which was higher on enclosured sheep, attacked ;landlords greed

What was the price index in 1500, 1508, 11540 and 1546?

94, 100, 158, 248

What is the harvest like in 1549 what exemplified this?

worst of the century (bar 1596) no poor relief due to the dissolution and flue epidemics

What is going on in the Netherlands at this point?

trade with the netherlands is decreasing as Antwerp is going into decline, by the late 1540s its in sever decline?

What economic position does the average person occupy?

below the poverty line

What wsa the popultionline in England at this point?

1348, half of the population wiped out, it had taken up until this point for the population to recover

What is the increasing population resulting in?

increasing number of children, marrying younger which is increasing the dependency ratio, agriculture cant keep pace with rising food demands, causes inflation

How is the popualtion growth causing  vagrancy?

inreased unemployment rates which became athreat to law and order, hence the 1547 act and 1548 proclomations?

What was the Vagrancy act?

passed in the Novemebr parliament a harsh act, if out of work for three days then branded with a V and sold into slavery (have to forcibly work, organised by JP) kids taken away and put into apprenticeships. Provisions made for deserving poor (small) UNPOPULAR 

What did people think of the vagrancy act?

hugely unpopular

How did enclosurement compund the economic issues of the time?

enclosurement means less food, made worse by bad harvests and unemployment, prices doubled, inflation, people starve, no poor relief

What is the debassement in this period called?

great debasement of the 1540s

What was the English solution to the cloth crisis?

increase cloth production, increase enclosurement, more unemployemtn, gorw even less crops, higher prices, more unemployemnt

Why was England hit so badly by the crisis in Antwerp?

96 percent of its exports were cloth

Why do religious issues compound this economic crisis?

people no longer have faith that the next life will be better (issues for Western not Kett)

What is he governemnt spending all its money on at the moment?

foreign policy

What does the background to ketts rebellion show?

the rebellion was not a one off

What happened in East Anglia in May 1548?

Sr William CAvendish trriggered a riot in whioch his property was attacked and his fences pulled down

What had cavendish been about to do?

had been about to enclose an extensive area of common land near the Middlesex/essex and suffolk border, impacting viallagers in 3 counties

How did the villagers celebrate their success against Cavendish?

blowing up a rabbit warren and killing over two thousand rabbits, thwy then set up camp on the land and only left when royal officials (comissiones.jps) promised to take thier concerns to the government

Where were there enclosure attacks in May 1549?

Somerset and Wiltshire and acion was then sparked in essex and oxfordshire, demonstaratorspulled down fences

What happened on the 7th of July?

movement spread to Suffolk, east Anglia, home counties and the midlands

What did Somerset appoint on the 8th of July?

a new enclousre comission, on th same day that Ketts rebeliion broke out, explains why the rebels expected a favourable response

Why did the rebels expect a favourable response?

Somerset had just set up the new enclosure committee the same da that the rebellion broke out