Regulation of Digestion

PYY

________: secreted by the small intestine after meals; acts as an appetite suppressant that counters the appetite stimulant ghrelin.

Insulin

________: secreted by the pancreas when theres a rise in blood sugar level after a meal; suppresses appetite by acting on the brain.

human body

The ________ imposes a limit in the amount of fat it stores or uses up.

Genes

________ are involved in fat homeostasis.

Glucagon

________: increases blood glucose levels by stimulating conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver and the breakdown of fat and protein into glucose.

complex feedback mechanism

A(n) ________ regulates the storage and use of fat.

Leptin

________: produced by adipose (fat) tissue; suppresses appetite as its level increases.

hormone leptin

The ________ is produced by the adipose tissue.

High leptin level

________ cues the brain to depress appetite and to increase energy- consuming muscular activity and body- heat production.

Loss of body fat

________ decreases the leptin levels in the blood, and the brain is signaled to increase appetite and weight gain.

Insulin

________ and glucagon are antagonistic hormones that help maintain glucose homeostasis.

Insulin

________: reduces blood glucose levels by promoting the cellular uptake of glucose, slowing glycogen breakdown in the liver, promoting fat storage.

Glucagon

increases blood glucose levels by stimulating conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver and the breakdown of fat and protein into glucose

Insulin

reduces blood glucose levels by promoting the cellular uptake of glucose, slowing glycogen breakdown in the liver, promoting fat storage

Leptin

produced by adipose (fat) tissue; suppresses appetite as its level increases

PYY

secreted by the small intestine after meals; acts as an appetite suppressant that counters the appetite stimulant ghrelin

Ghrelin

secreted by the stomach wall; triggers feelings of hunger

Insulin

secreted by the pancreas when theres a rise in blood sugar level after a meal; suppresses appetite by acting on the brain

Nervous system effects

Control of muscular and glandular activity by local nerves in alimentary canal

Long-distance regulation by the brain

Hormones are mainly secreted by

cells scattered throughout the epithelium of stomach and small intestine

The human body imposes a limit in

the amount of fat it stores or uses up.

Hormones target cells in the

pancreas and gallbladder