Group Properties of Elements Overview

Practice flashcards covering the group properties of elements from Group I-A through Group VI-A, including chemical properties, specific element facts, and identification tests.

What happens to the metallic variation of elements across the Periodic Table?

The metallic variation of the elements decreases across the Periodic Table.

Which element is considered the lightest metal in Group I-A?

Lithium

Why is the Ammonium ion ($NH_4^+$) referred to as a pseudo alkali metal?

Because of its solubility properties.

In Group I-A, how do activity, alkalinity, and reactivity change as atomic weight or number increases?

Activity, alkalinity, and reactivity increase as atomic weight or number increases.

Which element in Group I-A is the most active metal?

Cesium

Under what substances must Group I-A elements be stored to prevent reactions?

They must be stored under kerosene or coated with paraffin.

What are the characteristic flame colors for Sodium, Potassium, and Cesium?

Sodium: Yellow; Potassium: Violet; Cesium: Carmine red.

Which Group I-B elements are known as the coinage and ornamental metals?

Copper, Silver, and Gold

Which element is described as the best conductor of heat and electricity?

Silver

In Group I-B, what is the tendency of elements in the monovalent state?

They have a tendency toward disproportionation, such as $2 Cu^+ \rightarrow Cu + Cu^{2+}$.

Which Group II-A element is the least metallic, rare, costly, and toxic?

Beryllium

What is the identity test result for Group 4 cations in Group II-A?

They react with $(NH_4)_2CO_3$, $NH_4Cl$, $NH_3$, and $95\%$ ethyl alcohol to form a white precipitate.

In Group II-A, which oxide is an exception to being basic because it is amphoteric?

$BeO$ (Beryllium oxide)

Which group is known as the Zinc family and contains the elements $Zn$, $Cd$, and $Hg$?

Group II-B

What is unique about Mercury ($Hg$) at room temperature according to the properties provided?

It is a liquid and is also known as Quicksilver.

What are amalgams?

Alloys of Mercury ($Hg$).

What are the two common extraction processes for Aluminum?

Hall-Heroult smelting and the Alcoa process.

How is Boron classified compared to other Group III-A elements?

It is a non-metal but termed as a metalloid (hybrid behavior).

Why are Lanthanides difficult to separate from their mixtures?

Because they have very similar chemical properties.

Define catenation and tetravalency as they relate to Carbon.

Catenation is the ability to form multiple bonds with itself (chains/rings), and tetravalency is the ability to form 4 covalent bonds.

In the identification test for Titanium, what is produced by hydrogen peroxide in an acid solution?

A red color.

What are the five hydrides formed by Group V-A elements with Hydrogen?

$NH_3$, $PH_3$, $AsH_3$, $SbH_3$, and $BiH_3$.

What are the three allotropic forms of Phosphorus?

White/Yellow, Red, and Black.

What metal from Group V-B is used for corrosion-resistant pins, wires, and plates in medicine?

Tantalum

Which element is the most abundant and the second most electronegative?

Oxygen

What happens to Rhombic sulfur when it is heated to $96^\circ C$?

It changes into needle-like crystalline or monoclinic sulfur.

What is the general formula for the hydrides formed by Group VI-A elements?

$H_2R$ (or $RH_2$)

How does the acidity of Group VI-A hydrides relate to their molecular weight?

Acidity increases as molecular weight increases.