Lower Limb pt. 1 (Femur)

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• A?

femur, right, anterior, greater trochanter

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• B?

femur, right, anterior, femoral neck

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• C?

femur, right, anterior, femoral head

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• D?

femur, right, anterior, fovea capitis

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• E?

femur, right, anterior, intertrochanteric line

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• F?

femur, right, anterior, lesser trochanter

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• G?

femur, right, anterior, femoral shaft

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• H?

femur, right, anterior, lateral epicondyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• I?

femur, right, anterior, patellar surface

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• J?

femur, right, anterior, medial epicondyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• K?

femur, right, anterior, adductor tubercle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• A?

femur, right, posterior, femoral head

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• B?

femur, right, posterior, trochanteric fossa

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• C?

femur, right, posterior, greater trochanter

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• D?

femur, right, posterior, intertrochanteric crest

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• E?

femur, right, posterior, gluteal tuberosity/line

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• F?

femur, right, posterior, lesser trochanter

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• G?

femur, right, posterior, pectineal line

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• H?

femur, right, posterior, spiral line

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• I?

femur, right, posterior, nutrient foramen

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• J?

femur, right, posterior, linea aspera

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• K?

femur, right, posterior, popliteal surface

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• L?

femur, right, posterior, lateral epicondyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• M?

femur, right, posterior, lateral condyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• N?

femur, right, posterior, intercondylar fossa/notch

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• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• O?

femur, right, posterior, medial condyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• P?

femur, right, posterior, medial epicondyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• A?

femur, right, distal/inferior, lateral condyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• B?

femur, right, distal/inferior, lateral lip of the patellar surface/groove

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• C?

femur, right, distal/inferior, medial lip of the patellar surface/groove

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• D?

femur, right, distal/inferior, medial condyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• A?

femur, right, distal/lateral, lateral epicondyle

Name the following:

• Bone?

• Side?

• View?

• B?

femur, right, distal/lateral, popliteal groove

The longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human body

femur

Supports all our body weight when standing, walking, and running

femur

the plural of “femur”

femora

Femur Articulation

• Proximally with the _____________ of the ______ → forms the ____ _____

• Distally with the ________ (_____ ____) & proximal _______ → forms the _____ _____

acetabulum, pelvis, hip joint, patella, knee cap, tibia, knee joint

Which femur joint has the largest range of motion: hip or knee?

hip

Name the 6 types of movement the hip joint can do

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation

Name the 2 types of movement the knee joint can PRIMARILY do

flexion, extension

The femur starts ossifying _______ to ________

distal, proximal

Name the 4 main femur ossification sites

femoral head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, distal epiphysis

Femur Fusion & Growth

• Femoral Head → males ___-___ years & females ___-___ years

14-19, 12-16

Femur Fusion & Growth

• Greater Trochanter → males ___-___ years & females ___-___ years

16-18, 14-17

Femur Fusion & Growth

• Lesser Trochanter → males ___-___ years & females ___-___ years

16-17, 16-17

Femur Fusion & Growth

• Distal Epiphysis → males ___-___ years & females ___-___ years

16-20, 14-16

Which ossification site is one of the first areas in our femur to start appearing just before birth yet the last one to fuse (at least for males)

distal epiphysis

Proximal Femur

The proximal portion of the femur angles _________ in a downwards diagonal

laterally

Proximal Femur

Name the 2 features of the proximal femur that are seen both on the anterior side and posterior side

femoral head, greater trochanter

Proximal Femur

smooth, round ball structure at the proximal end; ball of the hip joint

femoral head

Proximal Femur

What does the femoral head articulate with?

acetabulum (lunate surface kind of encapsulates it)

Proximal Femur

Which portion of the femoral head is SMOOTHER: anterior or posterior?

anterior

Proximal Femur

Is the femoral head MEDIAL or LATERAL?

medial

Proximal Femur

small divot in the medial side of the femoral head (so not directly in the center but a little offset); attachment site for a ligament that helps the hip joint stabilize (keeps the femur in place)

fovea capitis

Proximal Femur

Is the fovea capitis more INFERIOR or SUPERIOR on the femoral head?

inferior

Proximal Femur

Is the fovea capitis more ANTERIOR or POSTERIOR on the femoral head?

posterior

Proximal Femur

Which feature can be used to distinguish the femoral head from the humeral head?

fovea capitis

Proximal Femur

large chunk of bone lateral to the femoral neck; kind of curves inwards like a hook; this is the part of the femur we can feel

greater trochanter

Proximal Femur

serves as a major muscle attachment site (gluteus medius & gluteus minimus)

greater trochanter

Proximal Femur

narrowed region connecting the femoral head to the shaft & Greater Trochanter; common site for hip fractures

femoral neck

Proximal Femur

The femoral neck is angled downwards __________ to withstand the forces of _________

laterally, walking

Proximal Femur

The femoral neck has a _________ & more _______ line on the underside of the femoral head & a more ________ lip on the superior edge of the head

smoother, gradual, defined

Proximal Femur

subtle ridge of bone connecting the Greater Trochanter & Lesser Trochanter on the anterior surface; site of attachment for a ligament that connects the pelvis to the leg

intertrochanteric line

Proximal Femur

The intertrochanteric line extends _______ to _______ in a downwards diagonal line kind of wrapping around to the __________ side

lateral, medial, posterior

Proximal Femur

Is the intertrochanteric line on the ANTERIOR or POSTERIOR surface?

anterior

Proximal Femur

smaller rounded medial projection of bone on the posterior face; insertion point of a muscle responsible for hip flexion

lesser trochanter

Proximal Femur

The lesser trochanter is _______ and ________ to the greater trochanter

inferior, medial

Proximal Femur

larger ridge of bone on the posterior surface connecting the tip of the Greater Trochanter & the Lesser Trochanter

intertrochanteric crest

Proximal Femur

The intertrochanteric crest extends _______ to _______ in a downwards diagonal line

lateral, medial

Proximal Femur

deep pit on the superior surface in between the Greater Trochanter & the Femoral Neck; attachment site for another muscle; the space underneath the hook of the Greater Trochanter

trochanteric fossa

Proximal Femur

line connecting the inferior end of the Intertrochanteric Line with the medial lip of the Linea Aspera, spiraling underneath the Lesser Trochanter

spiral line

Proximal Femur

The spiral line extends _______ to _______ in a downwards diagonal line

medial, lateral

Proximal Femur

short, curved line that passes inferior-laterally from the base of the Lesser Trochanter

pectineal line

Proximal Femur

rough ridge of bone extending from the base of the Greater Trochanter to the lateral lip of the Linea Aspera; varies in prominence

gluteal tuberosity/line

Proximal Femur

The gluteal tuberosity/line extends slightly _______ to _______ in a downwards diagonal line

lateral, medial

Proximal Femur

List the 3 posterior lines in order from most medial to most lateral before they converge into the linea aspera

spiral line, pectineal line, gluteal tuberosity/line

Proximal Femur

The femoral shaft is _______ & has more of a _________ shaped cross section than the humeral shaft

thicker, teardrop

Proximal Femur

rough line running down the middle of the posterior surface; point of convergence for the 3 posterior lines; major muscle attachment site

linea aspera

Proximal Femur

The linea aspera is _______ on the proximal portion and gets _______ as you go distally until it starts to _____

thicker, thinner, fork

Proximal Femur

line extending from the lateral fork of the distal Linea Aspera

lateral supracondylar line

Proximal Femur

line extending from the medial fork of the distal Linea Aspera

medial supracondylar line

Proximal Femur

Which line is more PRONOUNCED: lateral or medial supracondylar line?

lateral

Proximal Femur

holes on the posterior surface of the shaft; there is one on the proximal portion of the shaft adjacent to or on the linea aspera & one on about halfway down the shaft; opens up distally (but is variable so don’t rely on this as the singular diagnostic feature. LOGICALLY it should work like the humerus, but this is not always true.)

nutrient foramen

Distal Femur

The distal portion of the femur angles _________ in a downwards diagonal

medially

Distal Femur

roughened bulge of bone superior to the Lateral Condyle; serve as attachment sites for ligaments and muscles; extends down from the Lateral Supracondylar Line

lateral epicondyle

Distal Femur

small groove on the lateral side that runs right underneath the Lateral Epicondyle; helps you orient/side the femur; variable feature

popliteal groove

Distal Femur

roughened bulge of bone superior to the Medial Condyle; serve as attachment sites for ligaments and muscles; extends down from the Medial Supracondylar Line

medial epicondyle

Distal Femur

small bump of bone just above the medial epicondyle; insertion point for a thigh muscle

adductor tubercle

Distal Femur

if you run your finger down the medial side of the shaft, the first bump of bone you hit is the _________ _________, NOT the ________ ___________

adductor tubercle, medial epicondyle

Distal Femur

smooth surface/groove between the condyles on the anterior & distal surface

patellar surface

Distal Femur

where the patella sits and articulates with the knee

patellar surface

Distal Femur

Does the patellar surface cover more of the Lateral Condyle or the Medial Condyle?

lateral condyle

Distal Femur

raised ridge on the lateral side of the Patellar Surface; helps the patella stay in place and not dislocate

Lateral Lip of the Patellar Surface/Groove

Distal Femur

Which lip of the patellar groove/surface comes up higher on the anterior surface: MEDIAL or LATERAL?

lateral

Distal Femur

Which lip of the patellar groove/surface is more prominent: MEDIAL or LATERAL?

lateral

Distal Femur

raised ridge on the medial side of the Patellar Surface; helps the patella stay in place and not dislocate

medial lip of the patellar surface/groove

Distal Femur

smooth triangular surface right above the condyles between the 2 Supracondylar Lines on the posterior surface

popliteal surface

Distal Femur

rounded distal end on the lateral side

lateral condyle

Distal Femur

What does the lateral condyle articulate with?

tibia

Distal Femur

Which condyle extends more anteriorly: MEDIAL or LATERAL?

lateral