Pig External Anatomy & Digestive System

Parotid Gland

Type of salivary gland

• LARGEST one

• Parotid duct carries digestive enzymes from gland to oral cavity to mix w/ food

• Produces amylase

Submandibular Gland

Type of salivary gland

• Oval shape gland

• Produces both amylase AND lubricatin mucus

Sublingual Gland

Type of salivary gland

• Ventral surface of jaw, near tongue

• Produces lubricating mucus

Cardiac sphincter

“drawstring” of smooth muscle that prevents stomach acid from degrading esophagus

Pyloric sphincter

“drawstring” of smooth muscle that pulses to allow small chunks of digested food at a time

Rugae

small folds of smooth muscle lined w/ epithelium that helps churn food & mix chemicals

Liver

• Largest organ in abdominal cavity

• Stores glycogen

• Produces bile

  • NO digestive enzymes, but produces bile salts to break down lipids

• Recycles RBCs

Gallbladder

• Stores bile

• Located on underside of liver

• Bile is released into Cystic Duct, then Common Bile Duct & finally the Duodenum

Cystic duct

connects gallbladder to common bile duct

Hepatic duct

connects liver to common bile duct

What are the EXOCRINE functions of the pancreas?

releases several inactive forms of digestive enzymes (amylase)

• Acini—90% of pancreatic tissuse

What are the ENDOCRINE functions of the pancreas?

controls sugar levels w/ insulin & glucagon

• Isles of Langerhans—10% of pancreatic tissue

Alpha cells

Located in Pancreas

• Produces glucagon

• Tells liver to break down glycogen → glucose

• Glucose released into blood

• Increases blood sugar

Beta cells

Located in Pancreas

• Produces insulin & releases into blood

• Tells live to take up glucose & store it as glycogen

• LESS glucose in blood → LOWER blood sugar