corrosion

Alkalinity

The capacity of water to neutralize acids, influenced by carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxide, borate, silicate, and phosphate.

Anode

The positive electrode attracting negatively charged particles in an electrolytic system like a battery.

Cathode

The negative electrode attracting positively charged particles in an electrolytic system.

Cathodic Protection

An electrical system preventing rust, corrosion, and pitting of metal surfaces in contact with water or soil.

Corrosion

Gradual decomposition of a material due to chemical action, often an electrochemical reaction.

Galvanic Corrosion

Localized corrosion from the electrical connection of two dissimilar metals.

Hardness

Water characteristic mainly caused by calcium and magnesium salts.

Langelier Index

Reflects the equilibrium pH of water concerning calcium and alkalinity.

Oxidation

Addition of oxygen, removal of hydrogen, or electrons from a compound or element.

Reduction

Addition of hydrogen, removal of oxygen, or electrons to an element or compound.

pH Adjustment

Changing the stability of water by altering the pH level using lime, caustic soda, soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, or sulfuric acid.

Protective Coatings

Applying lime to treated water to precipitate CaCO3, forming a protective scale on pipe walls to prevent corrosion.

Polyphosphates

Using compounds like sodium zinc phosphate and zinc orthophosphate to create protective coatings on pipe interiors in systems lacking naturally occurring CaCO3.

Operational Control

Essential monitoring of corrosion control programs through water quality testing, pipe inspections, and coupon testing to ensure system integrity.

Lead and Copper Rule (LCR)

Enacted in 1991 to reduce public exposure to high lead and copper concentrations in water by requiring monitoring at customer taps and implementing corrosion control programs if excessive levels are detected.