Human Animal Relationships

Wild

Animals that usually live in their natural environment and as a species have minimal to no human-related genetic manipulation

Domestic

A large subset of previously wild animals that have undergone selective breeding over many generations that resulted in physical, physiological, and or behavioral differences between wild relatives

Tame

An individual wild, domestic, or feral animal that has learned not to fear 1 or more humans and does not flee from their approach

Feral

A large subset of previously domesticated animals that have undergone reverse domestication over many generations that resulted in physical, behavioral, and or physiological changes

Do not have a direct dependence on humans

Community

A free living group of domestic animals that are not owned, they are untamed

How did animal-human interactions begin

Humans depended on animals for meat and clothing

Domestication of animas began as humans begin to form _____ ______ and ________

Permanent shelters

Agriculture

What are the desired traits for domestication

Human need (Main one)

Group structure (need to have a hierarchy)

Promiscuous mating (allows for selective breeding)

Multiple estrous cycles (Multiple opportunities for selective breeding)

Clear sexual readiness signals

Easily tamed

Generalized diets

Adaptable to a wide range of environments

Limited agility (can’t escape)

How did dogs become domesticated

Humans began settlements that tamer wolves would gather around to get food, the tamer wolves bred together until peak tameness was formed.

This allowed for human selective breeding to take place and dogs began to participate in human daily life.

How many generations for foxes to become “domesticated”

20 generations

Can genes be associated with a docile nature?

Yes, genes GTF21 and GTF21RD1 were found to be closely tied with tamer foxes

When did selective breeding in dogs trend towards desire of physical features?

11,000 yrs ago in China

How were sheep and goats domesticated?

They were easily herded animals that could be kept with nomadic tribes.They slowly became tamer and tamer through selective pressures and breeding to become a separate domesticated species.

Sheep were domesticated from…?

Asiatic mouflon

Goats were domesticated from…?

Bezoar goat

Order of domestication from oldest to youngest.

Dog

Sheep/goat

Cattle

Pigs

Horses

Cats

Why were cattle domesticated?

Auroch were seen as symbols of strength, domination, fertility, and held religious significance. Only later were they used for meat, blood, and draft. Only much later used for milk.

Why were pigs domesticated

Originally for meat but were not prized until people started building permanent settlements

Why were horses originally domesticated?

Used for meat and milk only later were they used as transportation and war by the upper class.

What was the working class equivalent to a horse?

Donkeys

Where were horses domesticated?

Ukraine

Cats _____ domesticated because they hung around____ storage which attracted _____.

Self

Grain

Mice

Bastet

Cat god

Why have cats not experience selective breeding like many other domestic species?

They were often associated with religious figures and gods meaning people mostly left them alone out of respect or fear

(T/F) Domestic animals would exist without human need

False

Pastoralsim

Earliest view of animals

Animal are allowed to be used for a specific purpose as long as they are allowed a day of rest and humane slaughter

Diligent care is very important

Agrarianism

Living close to the land brings out the best in people, city people are evil and corrupt

Farmers are honest and hard working

Romanticism

Before 1600 animals were decorations or symbols

After 1600 animals became primary subject

Animals depicted with emotions and anthropomorphized