Unit 3 - AP Human geography

Habit

Repetitive actions performed by a particular indivdual

*Me wearing jeans to school every day

*Individual thing that doesn´t really characterize a society´s population

Custom

Repetitive actions performed by a group to the point where it become a characteristic

*10 people in a friend group wearing gray sweatpants to school every day and world leaders wearing suits

*becomes like a societal and majority thing

Folk culture

A practice conducted in small, rural, and isolated areas.

*The Gadaba people of eastern India wear heavy rings and do not take them off till death

*These practices can become globalized

*relocation diffusion, slow pace, through migration (less developed), less pollution.

Popular culture 

Large societies share habits despite different personal characteristics

*people in the city wearing jeans

*hierarchical diffusion, rapid pace, (more developed), technology, more pollution, hearth.

Taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by religous and social customs

*eating beef as a Hindu person

Terroir

How the physical land/features contribute to the taste of food.

*how the soil and climate make it taste different

*important for agricultural research

Ethnocentrism

Judging someone culture and religon by comparing it to you own standards

*An American woman may think a Muslim woman wearing a hijab is opressive and forced and think highly of herself because she can wear whatever she wants despite the fact that it could be a personal choice.

Cultural relativism

Trying to understand a culture´s beliefs with cultural context (no comparison)

Lingua Franca

A common language spoken by 2 people who speak different languages.

*2 people in India speak Bengali and Punjabi, they will communicate in Hindi because that is the lingua franca

Literary traditon

language is written as well as spoken

Institutional language

used in government, media, and education, Contains a literary traditon

Official language 

Used by government for taxes, laws, stamps, and signs

Language family

A collection of languages that have relate language ancestor family from pre-recorded history (Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan)

Language Branch

Collection of languages with language family (Germanic, Romance, Indo-Iranian, Balto Slavic)

Language group

Collection of languages with branch (Spanish and Portugese in Romance branch)

Pidgin language

Simple form of communication between people who don´t speak the same language (An immigrant speaking broken english with colleagues)

Creolized language 

A language that results from the mixing of colonizer and indegenous language with the indegenous being dominated.

Germanic Branch

Concentrated in Northern Europe, part of the Indo-European language family, and includes languages like Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian.

Romance Branch

Concentrated in Southern Europe, part of the Indo-European language family, and includes languages like Spanish and Portugese

Balto-Slavic Branch

Concentrated in Eastern Europe, part of the Indo-European language family, and includes languages like Russian

Indo-Iranian Branch

Concentrated in the Middle East, South Asia, (specifically North India), part of the Indo-European language family, and contains languages like Hindi, Bengali, Urdu, and Pashtun.

Isogloss

A geographical boundary that separates area by different ligustic features.

Soda, pop, and coke in different regions of US

Multilingual

Multiple languages are spoken on a large scale in a country

*promotes cultural and linguistic diversity

*French, Punjabi, and English are the major languages in Canada

Dialect

A regional variation of a language

*Appalachian English, (different and considered low class English causing difficulty to obtain job)

Standard Language

A single dialect that is is deemed acceptable in places of importance

*helpful so everybody can understand important info and communicate

Ethnicity

Group of people who share cultural traditions from a particular homeland or hearth

Race

Group of people who share a certain physical trait (skin color)

Nationality

Group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country (citizenship)

Racism

Race determines human traits, capacities, and differences in race produce feeling of superiority

Racist

Someone who subscribes to the beliefs of racism

Ethnic enclave

Place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from the majority ethnic group in the surrounding area

Ethnoburb

Suburban area with cluster of a particular ethnic group

Triangular slave trade

An efficient system for slave trade

Apartheid

The legal separation of race geographically

*Black people in South Africa were given 10 homelands and white people in South Africa were given the rest of the land to live

Fundamentalism

Strict/intense adhereance to a religon, branch, sect

*can cause brutatlity, conflict, and violence, but preserves culture

Denomination

Many congregations coming together to form a legal administrative body

Branch

The large and fundamental divison within a religon

Roman Catholicism or Protestant within Christianity

Congregation

Large assembly of people brought togethr for common religious worship

*local churches coming together

*unity

Caste system

A class in which a Hindu is born into by religous law

1. Brahmin

2. Kshatirya

3. Vaisya

4. Shudra

5. Dalit

Centriptal force

Brings people together (unifies, unites)

*food and music

Centrifugal force

Divides people

*political views

Nationalism

Someone with deep loyalty towards their Nationality

(unifies people)

*national anthem

Extinct language

Spoken by people in daily activities but no longer in use

Isolated language

Unrelated/no relation to any other language

Hierarchial religon

A religon with a set geographic structures, levels of organizations, and central authority.

*Roman Catholicsm - Pope

Autonomus religon

No central leader or descion making body, do your own thing

Balkanized

Small geographical area that cannot be put into stable countries to conflict between numerous ethnicities and antagonism

Balkanization

A state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicites

Genocide

Mass killing of a group with the intent to erase the group for existance

Ethnic cleansing

Purposefully remove an ethnic group from a geogrpahical area with violence and terror.

Ethnic religon

A religon that is specific to a country and is tied to it´s culture

(Hinduism and Judaism, ties to India and Israel) and is clusted together

Universalizing religon

A religon that attemps to gather more adhereants and isn´t tied to a place. (more dispersed)

Christianity and Islam

Atheism

Belief that god does not exist

Animism

Believeing that objects are alive and have spirt and consciense

Monotheism

Belief that there is only one god

(Islam, Christianity)

Polytheism

Worshipping collection of gods

(Hinduism, Judaism)

Agnosticism

The belief that the existance of god cannot be proven logically