Module 1 - Topic 1.9: Types of Programming Languages

Procedural Programming

Execution of code is based on each statement, called procedures. Originated from structural programming. Programs are written step-by-step as a list of instructions. Examples: COBOL, Algol.

Procedure

A mini-program or block of code that performs a specific task and can be called from anywhere in the main program.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Encapsulates data and behavior into objects that can interact with each other. Procedures are called methods. A class acts as the blueprint for objects. Examples: C++, Java, Swift.

Method

A function or procedure that belongs to a specific object or class in OOP.

Class

A blueprint that defines the attributes (data) and methods (behavior) of objects in OOP.

Functional Programming

Passes data from function to function to produce a result. Treats functions as data that can be passed, returned, and combined to form new functions. Avoids shared state and uses immutable data. Examples: Haskell, Lisp.

Immutable Data

Data that cannot be changed once created, common in functional programming.

Pure Function

A function that always returns the same result when given the same input, without side effects.

Logic Programming

Based on formal logic, using facts and rules to derive conclusions. Programs consist of logical statements, and computation is the process of proving queries. Examples: Prolog, Datalog.