Studied by 49 people
1802 treaty of Amiens
Great Britain + France, only time no European power was not at war with one another
The “shame of the princes”
When German princes bribed napoleon for support against other princes - tallyrand made 10 million Frances, sent HRE into chaos
Ulm
Where Napoleon surrounded a Austrian force of 5,000 forcing them to surrender
Trafalgar
When lord Nelson (GB) caught + annihilated main body of French + Spanish fleets of France + Spain - established English naval power and showed France wasn’t ultimate power
Austerlitz
When napoleon defeated Austrian + Russian armies - Russia withdrew into Poland and Austria made peace
Treaty of Pressburg
Napoleon took Venetia from Austria, who gave it to him., annexed it to Italy
Confederation of the rhine
Napoleon gathered his Germanic states, made himself protector, league of all german princes who were sovereign
Friedland
Napoleon went to east prussia + at Dylan he defeated Russian army
Treaty of Tilsit
Napoleon sweet talked Alexander into thinking England was bad guy + promised Russia could be great ruler of east
Peninsular war
English sent force to sustain Spanish guerrillas against French, napoleon forced to surrender leading to hope + anti French movement
Capitulation at baylen
Grand duchey of Warsaw
When napoleon made moves without Russian involvement to recreate polish state
Talleyrand
Told Alexander that napoleon was overreaching himself, told him to wait for future activities, preparing himself a safe haven if napoleon falls, but also was enlightened because saw country as part of whole Europe, though Louis XVIII would provoke least opposition, be peaceable + wouldn’t want to restore old empire cause had no foreign support, represented France in congress at Vienna
Metternich
Austrian foreign minister, originally German, no diplomacy through grudges - thought Russia was the problem + renew relations with France, wanted napoleon / son to remain in power because they would have to depend on Austria
French empire
French Republic, southern Netherlands, left bank of the rhine
Grand empire
France +dependent states, republics, departments
Allied states
Prussia, Austria, Russia, Denmark, Sweden all at war with Great Britain, napoleon only controls that they don’t trade with England
king of rome
napoleon son, thought rome was second city like charlemange
pope pius VII
protested seizure of papal lands so napoleon held him prisoner
civil code
all countries no exceptions, universal nature of justice + human relations
illyrian provinces
trieste + dalmatian coast
“Nation of shopkeepers”
French thought that England was money power who fought wars with sterling not blood + always looking for dupes
Berlin decree
Napoleon prohibits importation of British goods into continent
Order of council of 1807
Response to Berlin decree, neutrals might enter napoleónica ports on if first stopped in in Great Britain where regulations were to encourage loading of ships with English goods
Milan decree
Response to order of council 1807, any vessel that stopped at British port / submitted to search by British warship at sea would be confiscated upon appearance in continental harbor
Germaine de stael
Exiled because critic of napoleon
Herder
Everyone develops at their own pace + not everyone progresses on same path of reason, though German ways were different didn’t mean they were less worthy of respect, countries weren’t in conflict they were just different, imitation of others made them shallow
Romanticism
Challenging dry abstractions of age of reason
Volksgeist
A sound civilian must express own national character not one copied / made only by upper class
Germany in its deep humiliation
Anonymous anti-French work whos publisher sentenced to death
Fichte
Author who illustrates course of German though, inner spirit of individual creates own more a universe
Addresses to the German nation
Declaring there was a ineradicable German spirit immutable national character more noble then other peoples to be kept pure
Closed commercial state
Book by fitche, necessary for international peace and domestic social justice.
Gneisenau
Prussian army reformer, observed American revolution + valued its patriotism
baron stein
Leader of Prussia, abolished serfdom, no hereditary subjection in manors
Tugendbund
Moral / scientific union, league of virtue on manliness whose members by developing own moral character were to contribute to future
Capitulation at baylen
First setback for French forces in peninsular war
Borodino
Russia + napoleon, Moscow, Russians out numbered the French, French won but Russia withdrew in a better condition
Retreat from Moscow
French troops isolated in cold weather, no resources, napoleon tried to negotiate but was forced to retreat same way they came, lost 500,000 of original 611,000, ended grand army
Battle of Leipzig
Napoleon tried to raise new army but got smashed (battle of nations) - nations started distrusting each other + led to first treaty of Paris
Frankfurt proposals
The Frankfurt proposals were a Coalition peace initiative designed by Metternich. It was offered to Napoleon in November 1813 after he had suffered defeat at the Battle of Leipzig. The goal was a peaceful end to the War of the Sixth Coalition
Castlereagh
British foreign minister, used promise of men and money to win acceptance of war aims, no Russian domination so wanted napoleon / his sone to stay in power
Quadruple alliance
Treaty of charming, Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, bound for 20 years to fight against French, each provided 150,000 solider
Charter of 1815
Louis XVIII, granted what most of France wanted, promised legal equality, eligibility to office, 2 chambers in parliamentary government
“First” treaty of paris
Bourbons restored + powers signed peace treaty
Polish-Saxon question
Alexander would give Prussia saxony if they let him be king of Poland but ended in Alexander getting congress poland and Prussians getting 2/5 of Saxony
Congress poland
Alexander wanted, smaller polish kingdom
Battle of waterloo
Anti-French allies vs. napoleon where Duke of Wellington led Prussian and British forces to beat napoleon, final battle
Hundred days
Follows return from Elba, renew dread of revolution, war + aggressions, quad alliance said no Bonaparte could ever rule France again
Second treaty of Paris
Response to Waterloo, French pay 700 million francs + placed French financed European army of occupation in northeastern France
Holy Alliance
Alexander, all European powers agree to uphold Christian principals of charity and peace - all signed but pope, Ottoman Empire, and British regent
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