Plant Tissues & Plant Cells

3 Types of Tissue Systems in Plants
- which is Continuous throughout the plant

> Dermal
> Vascular
> Ground

- a waxy coating that helps prevent water loss from the epidermis

Cuticle

in NonWoody plants, the Dermal Tissue System consists of the _________

Epidermis

In Woody plants, these protective tissues replace the Epidermis in Older regions of stems

Periderm

- specialized epidermal cells that facilitate Gas Exchange in shoots

Guard Cells

- hairlike outgrowths of the shoot epidermis

Trichomes

- can reduce water loss and reflect light

Trichomes

- can also help defend against insects

Trichomes

Tissue that protects organs

Dermal Tissue

Tissue that supports and transports

Vascular Tissue

Tissue that carries out photosynthesis

Ground Tissue

- facilitates the Transport of materials through the plant
- provides mechanical Support

Vascular Tissues

2 Vascular Tissues

> Xylem
> Phloem

- conducts water and dissolved MINERALS upwards from roots into the shoots

Xylem

- transports Sugars from where they are made (primary leaves) to storage structures or sites of growth, the roots

Phloem

Collective term for the vascular tissue of a root or stem

Stele

In Angiosperms, the Stele of the Root is a solid central _________ ________

Vascular Cylinder

- ground tissue INTERNAL to the Vascular Tissue

Pith

- ground tissue EXTERNAL to the Vascular Tissue

Cortex

- includes cells specialized for Storage, Photosynthesis, Support, and Transport

Ground Tissue

3 Major Types of Plant Cells

> Parenchyma
> Collenchyma
> Sclerenchyma

- have thin and flexible primary walls
- generally lack secondary walls

Parenchyma Cells

- have a large Central Vacuole

Parenchyma Cells

- perform the most metabolic functions

Parenchyma Cells

- retain the ability to divide and differentiate

Parenchyma Cells

- have unevenly thickened primary cell walls

Collenchyma Cells

- are living at maturity

Collenchyma Cells

- provide flexible support without restraining growth

Collenchyma Cells

- a strengthening polymer in Sclerenchyma Cells

Lignin

- are rigid due to thick secondary walls

Sclerenchyma Cells

- are dead at functional maturity

Sclerenchyma Cells

2 Types of Sclerenchyma Cells

> Sclereids
> Fibers

- are short and irregular in shape
- have thick lignifies secondary walls

Sclereids

- are long slender and arranged in threads

Fibers

2 Types of Water-Conducting Cells of the Xylem
- which are dead and lignified at maturity

> Tracheids
> Vessel Elements

- are Long, Thin Cells with Tapered Ends found in the xylem of all vascular plants

Tracheids

- thin regions lacking secondary cell wall
- where water moves between tracheids through

Pits

- common to most angiosperms, and a few gymnosperms, and seedless vascular plants

Vessel Elements

- align end to end to form pipes called Vessels

Vessel Elements

- cells are Alive at Maturity, but lack Organelles

Sugar-conducting Cells of the Phloem

In seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms, sugars are transported through ______ _____

Sieve Cells

In angiosperms, sugars are transported in sieve tubes, chains of cells called

Sive-Tube Elements

- are the porous end walls between sieve-tube elements that allow fluid to flow between cells along the sieve tube

Sieve Plates

Each sieve-tube element is connected to a ________ ___ by ____________

Companion Cell
Plasmodesmata

The nucleus and ribosomes of the companion cell also serve the......

Adjacent Sieve-Tube Element