Geography Changing Places Case studies

What % of Birmingham is made up of ethnic minorities, and what % is christian

42%

50%

How much investment has been put into Birminghams regeneration, and how much into the Bullring, how much annual spending, how many jobs, how many visitors

£600 million

£300 million

Bullring sees £1.2 billion in annual spending

The Bullring in Birmingham, after redevelopment in 2003 has seen over 35 million visitors annually and supports 8,000 jobs

Birmingham child povery rates, youth employment rate

close to 40%, and getting worse, 18% YE

Birmingham - what % of its economy is in services, and what % is in manufacturing, and what % used to be in manufacturing, and how many services jobs created in the last decade or so

88%, 50%, 100,000

How much have house prices risen in Birminghams centre, and how many households await social housing

35%, 12,000

HSBC moved its headquarters to Birmingham due to ongoing investment into Birmingham, how many jobs did it bring?

1,000

2 Advantages of cultural diversity, 1 Disadvantage, and give an example of an event brought about by cultural diversity in Birmingham

Innovation and creativity - different perspectives and traditions, broader set of experiences allows for better problem - solving

Fostering mutual understanding, reducing prejudice and social tensions

However, diverse groups may be segregated, certain cultural groups may face discrimination. In ‘Sparkbrook’ 2/3 of the residents are asian, and experiences one of the highest unemployment rates However, there has been a ‘notable decrease’ in segregation since 2001 in Birmingham due to the help of local communities, especially priests

Birmingham Restaurant Festival, thousands of visitors annually, extremely diverse range of food

How much do students bring to the local economy of Swansea, and how many jobs created from them

£250M, 4000

Negative effect of studentification in Swansea (specifically on HMOs), specifically Brynmill, how much has rent increased by there

In Brynmill, 40% of houses are Houses in Multiple Occupation, 7 permanent residents and there are many landlords here due to properties being occupied by students being exempt from council tax. harder to form strong local communities due to the constant turnover in people. However, landlords may reduce their rent for the students as they don’t pay council tax, leading to the money going back into the brynmill economy anyways in the form of spending, could also encourage more investment into local housing, students also bring diversity and innovation, however frequent noice complaints, every week, close to 6% rent price increase in the 12 months

In Swansea UNI, how many spaces for accomadation vs how many students which go there

5k spaces for accomadation, 20k students - lots of loitering around in the city - street clean picked up 800 bags of rubbish in one go once - they are trying to fix this by building a new building, which will house an extra 1k students minimum, and 1,000 jobs

Between 2010-2022, how many working age individuals left greece, and how much of the current population would this be? How many went to Germany, and What happened to the greek population in the UK during this time.

over a million working age individuals left, 10% of the current population, 300,000 went to Germany, and the Greek population in the UK doubled to 80k+

How much does greece earn in remittances compared to the global amount in remittances

$500 million, $900 billion globally

what % of the greek nationals within the UK hold Uni degrees, and what % of Greeks are employed in ‘high skilled professions’

75% - far higher than both the UK and Greek average, Approximately 60% of Greeks in the UK are employed in high-skilled professions, including roles in medicine, law, academia, economics, and finance - a significant proportion of the Greek community is involved in entrepreunership

However, The presence of Greek Cypriots (who may be sympathetic to the Greek government) and Turkish Cypriots in the UK has occasionally led to tensions related to the ongoing conflict between Greece and Turkey

The Brixton pound was developed to encourage spending within its local community.

How many businesses accepted the notes. How many people actually used the notes though. What 2 things did they do to try and increase usage

250 businesses accepted the notes, but only a thousand of the 80,000 entire population was regularly using them, and to try and increase usage, they made it digital in 2021 with over £100,000 in circulation, and a micro-grant scheme. adoption of the pound afterwards did grow, but very gradually.

what was the local multiplier from the brixton pound, and how much annually in online transactions is there, and how much has been awarded to local projects as of 2015

1.76 - higher than the estiamted Uk average of around 1.5, £250,000 in annual transactions, £10,000 awarded to local projects

How many annual visitors does Liverpool get, with how many staying overnight, and how much money does tourism generate, and how many jobs does it support

60 million visitors annually, only 6 million stay the night, tourism generates £6 billion annually, 60k jobs, rising yearly

What has happened to ‘tobacco warehouse’ livepool

a historic, well known building has been turned into flats, which start at £265,000

How much money, and how many jobs do films and tv bring to Liverpool

$50 million, 1500 jobs - film crews also often invest into local infastructure, like the 2022 batman movie, however it does show livepool as dark and grim

How much do waterfront properties’ price risen by yearly, and how much has gone into the regeneration of the dockyards. how many homes are planned to be build

4%, less than the rest of livepool, however they do see a 95% occupancy rate constantly. Liverpools waters development is investing $5.5 billion into the dockyards, over a 30 year long project, with 9,000 homes planned to be built, however, Heritage bodies, including English Heritage, have expressed concerns that the development could compromise the setting of some of Liverpool's most significant historic buildings and put archaeological remains at risk

How many manufacturing jobs lost in Liverpool between 1970 and 1990, what happened to their population since 1950 and 2000. what did they do to try and ‘regenrate liverpool’ and how much money did it bring into liverpool. what % of residents said that year had a positive impact on the city, and how many participated in cultural projects

40%, dropped from 850k to under-half. Successful rebranding and redevelopment in the 2000s European Capital of Culture 2008 - brought in $750 million to the local economy, however economic gains were restricted to the city centre, property prices rose

However tourism did increase by ⅓, 85% of residents surveyed said that year had a positive impact on the city, over 66k people participated in cultural projects

What led to detroits period of decline, and how much has its population declined by, and what did its unemployment rate peak at

The collapse of the automobile manufacturing industry, industrial decline, and racial tensions, population fell from 1.8 million to 600k, unemployment rate peaked at 27%

Taranto, Italy, what % of the locals are employed in maufacturing in 2011, and what was this in the 1970s, and what has happened to EX ILVA’s machines there, what are the cancer rates, and child mortality rates

16% in 2011, 37% in the 70s, and far lower today, machines operate in a ‘zombie-like’ state, not creating steel efficiently, but pumping out huge amounts of emissions. 15% of all deaths in taranto are linked to the emissions here, and 7% above average cancer rates - however, people won’t leave - social haunting - topophelia, child mortality rates 21% higher than average

How many workers does EX ILVA still employ, how much steel does it produce, what is the local youth unemployment, and what has been some of the positives of EX ILVA

Still employees 8k workers - making it difficult for alternative industries and jobs to be created, youth unemployment is at 30%, there have been talks about transitioning to hydrogen based steel production, but they have been progressing slowly. Still produces 4 million tonnes of steel, Italy only produces 20 million, and has donated thousands to local communities and sports teams

How many shops does meadowhall, an out-of-town shopping centre have, and how many jobs did it create, and how did it improve sheffield, and how much money did it contribute to sheffield

has 250 shops, 8500+ jobs, helped the post-industrial economy by creating bus and tram links, and improving infastructure, at one point it had the largest car park in Europe, and 6 million people live within an hour - helped sheffield diversify, it contributed £4.5 billion to the local economy within the first 25 years of opening

Meadowhall also boasts the largest solar panel installation on a shopping centre in the UK, with enough power to power 230 homes, and the centre recycles 95% of its waste

Negative of Meadowhall, including the effect on inner-city sheffield and the amount of crimes

Inner city footfall dropped 30% upon its opening, critics said it led to the ‘hollowing out’ of sheffield

over 800 crimes

concerns about health problems, adding traffic to M1 motorway and lots of emissions, still heavily car dependant

visitors have reported issues with parking, spaces too small

Urban doughnut effect

Economic activity, population, and investment shift from the city center to the suburbs or outskirts, leaving the urban core underused, neglected, or in decline

How many companies in cambridge science park, how many employed, how much in venture capital

130 companies, employing over 7000 people, £2.6 billion in venture capital in 2023 - highest outside of London, shifting it from a traditional university town to a global innovation centre, developed in the 70s, gives cambridge global recognition

Drawbacks of cambridge science park

Cambridge ranks as the UK's second most expensive city for housing relative to local pay, with house prices increasing by 78% over the past decade, while wages have risen by only 23% - however wages are already very high, with the average tech company employee earning 150k, avg house price over 500k

How much of the income do the bottom 20% of earners get in cambridge

20% - it is the most unequal city in the Uk, estimated that there will be a large shortage in water supply by 2050

The M1 Corridor, extending from London to Leeds, is a pivotal axis in the UK's quaternary economy, encompassing sectors such as information technology, research and development, and high-level services - How many jobs does the M1 corridor support, and how many new homes is the £373 million planned smart motorway going to connect

2.5 million, 50,000 - variable speed limits to cut congestion within the area, however with 140,000 vehicles a day on Fridays, may not be able to stop all the congestion, and 50% of nearby residents drive to work. M1 corridor is also part of the ‘golden triangle’, where 90% of the population is within a 4 hour drive. hundereds of FDI projects

Rebranding for lake district, Cumbria - how much money does the local economy get from tourism, how many jobs, how many visitors yearly, what % of visitors travel by car, what % of homes are second homes

$3.1 billion annually, 40k jobs, as they have diversified from traditional sheep grazing towards tourism, 20 million visitors yearly, 83% of visitors travel by car, 20% of homes are second homes, also, the lake has turned green due to sewage and algae, jobs are seasonal and low-paid

How is the lake district trying to mitigate the drawbacks

doubled its eletric charging ports to 74, low emission buses, Fix the Fells Program: Since its inception in 2001, this program has repaired and maintained 344 upland paths, covering approximately 410 miles. It employs traditional techniques to combat erosion and involves over 100 volunteers. love your lakes campaign has been trying to raise awareness about water pollution. £2500 fines for littering offences

Wellbeing farm, Lancshire, originally a traditional livestock farm, it transformed into a sustainable events venue (company which plans events), emphasizing environmental responsibility and community engagement, what eco friendly practices did it implement, and what benefits did it see

installation of wind turbine, planted 500 trees, use of upcycled materials such as second-hand furniture

saw increased bookings, positive social media attention, farms ethos appealed to younger employees

What obstacled did wellbeing farm face and how did it try to overcome them

Initial lack of mains energy required investment in alternative power sources, niche market - needed to reshape public perception, however it utilised storytelling to convey the farm's journey and commitment to sustainability, increasing bookings

Birmingham Heartlands Development Corporation - how many acres did it revitalise, how many jobs did it generate, and many homes’ development did it support

• Launched in 1988 to revitalise 2,000 acres of East Birmingham’s declining industrial areas

• Invested in infrastructure, including new roads, housing, and business parks

• Generated 12,000 new jobs, supported the development of over 2,000 homes, and reclaimed contaminated land

• Helped lay foundations for later regeneration, including the Eastside and HS2 development zone

Public ‘Realm’ Spending (Street Furniture, Lighting, Green Space)

Liverpool’s public realm improvements as part of the “Liverpool ONE” project involved £73 million in streetscaping and green space investment

Redcar, SSI steelworks closure, Teesside (middlesbrough) - how many jobs were lost in 2015 when SSI closed, how many total steel jobs lost since the 80s, what % of children live in poverty, and what is the unemployment %

2,200 jobs lost, 40,000 since the 80s, 1/3 of children in poverty, 5.2% unemployment rate, compared to national average of 5.2%, life expectancy 3 years lower than average

• When the plant shut down, it shut down because the company running the plant, thai SSI, clean up cost of £1 billion, because the company was liquidated, they did not cover the cost, came from taxes, so clean up took years

more than 9k people left teeside in the last decade