Chemistry of the Atmosphere

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the composition of the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect, combustion processes, and their environmental impact.

Modern Atmosphere Composition

The atmosphere consists of approximately 80% nitrogen (N2), 20% oxygen (O2), and small proportions of other gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and noble gases.

Photosynthesis Equation

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2; this reaction illustrates how algae and plants produce oxygen.

Early Atmosphere Theory

One theory suggests that the early atmosphere was formed by volcanic activity releasing gases, primarily carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

Carbon Dioxide Decrease Mechanisms

Carbon dioxide levels decreased due to photosynthesis by algae and plants, dissolution in oceans, and formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels.

Greenhouse Effect Process

The greenhouse effect occurs when short wavelength radiation penetrates the atmosphere, the Earth re-emits longer wavelengths, and greenhouse gases absorb this radiation, warming the atmosphere.

Carbon Footprint

The total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service, or event.

Complete Combustion

Occurs when hydrocarbons burn in a plentiful oxygen supply, producing carbon dioxide and water.

Incomplete Combustion

Occurs with a limited oxygen supply, producing carbon monoxide, soot, and water.

Acid Rain

Rain that has been made acidic by pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, resulting in damage to plants and buildings.

Pollutants from Combustion

Combustion of fuels can release carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates into the atmosphere.

Modern Atmosphere Composition

Approximately 80% nitrogen (N2), 20% oxygen (O2), and trace gases like carbon dioxide and noble gases.

Photosynthesis Equation

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2; shows how plants produce oxygen.

Early Atmosphere Theory

Formed by volcanic gases, mainly carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Carbon Dioxide Decrease Mechanisms

Decreased via photosynthesis, ocean absorption, and sedimentary rock formation.

Greenhouse Effect Process

Shortwave radiation enters, Earth emits longwave radiation, which is absorbed by greenhouse gases, warming the atmosphere.

Carbon Footprint

Total greenhouse gas emissions across a product's life cycle.

Complete Combustion

Hydrocarbons burn in ample oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water.

Incomplete Combustion

Limited oxygen results in carbon monoxide, soot, and water.

Acid Rain

Acidic rain from pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, damaging plants and structures.

Pollutants from Combustion

Releases carbon dioxide, monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates.