The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the key concepts, figures, and events of the 10th-grade history lecture on the Rise of Nationalism in Europe.

Frederic Sorrieu

A French artist who prepared a series of four prints in 1848 visualizing his dream of a world made up of "Democratic and Social Republics".

Nation State

A country with well-defined boundaries, a population sharing a similar culture, history, and ethnic character, and a government of people's choice.

La Patrie

A French concept introduced during the revolution meaning "The Fatherland" to create a sense of collective identity.

Le Citoyen

A French concept introduced during the revolution meaning "The Citizen" to promote a sense of equal rights under a constitution.

National Assembly

The body of elected representatives in France, formerly known as the Estates General, elected by active citizens (taxpayers).

Napoleonic Code (1804)

A Civil Code that established equality before law, secured the right to property, and abolished all privileges based on birth.

Feudal System

A social system (also known as Jagirdari or Zamindari Pratha) where peasants were obligated to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce.

Serfdom

A state of bondage where peasants (serfs) were tied to the land and required to perform labor for a landowner.

Liberalism

A political and economic philosophy standing for individual freedom, equality before the law, government by consent, and the removal of trade barriers.

Zollverein (1834)

A customs union formed under Prussia that removed tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from 30 to 2 to promote economic nationalism.

Conservatism

A political philosophy after 1815 that aimed to preserve traditional institutions like the Monarchy, Church, and social hierarchy while accepting modernization to strengthen them.

Congress of Vienna (1815)

A meeting hosted by Duke Metternich where Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria restored the monarchy in France and established buffer states to prevent French expansion.

Giuseppe Mazzini

An Italian revolutionary who sought a unified democratic republic and founded secret societies named Young Italy and Young Europe.

Young Italy

A secret society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in Marseilles to spread the idea of Italian unification.

July Revolution (1830)

A French uprising that overthrew the Bourbon King and installed Louis Philippe as a constitutional monarch, inspiring Belgium to separate from the Netherlands.

Romanticism

A cultural movement emphasizing human feelings, emotions, and intuition over reason to create a sense of shared collective heritage and nationalism.

Volksgeist

A German term used by Johann Gottfried Herder referring to the true spirit of the nation found among ordinary people.

Frankfurt Parliament

An assembly of 831 representatives held on 18 May 1848 that drafted a constitution for a united Germany under a constitutional monarchy.

Greek War of Independence (1821-1829)

A successful nationalist movement where Greeks fought for freedom from the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the 1830 independence of Greece.

Otto Von Bismarck

The Prime Minister of Prussia who followed a policy of "Blood and Iron" to achieve the unification of Germany.

Red Shirt Army

The volunteer force led by Giuseppe Garibaldi that captured the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and Papal States to help unify Italy.

Act of Union 1707

An act between England and Scotland that led to the creation of the "United Kingdom of Great Britain" and allowed England to impose its influence on Scotland.

Allegory

An abstract idea, such as freedom or liberty, expressed through a person or a thing to give it concrete physical form.

Marianne

The female allegory of France representing the Republic and Liberty, characterized by the red cap, tricolour flag, and cockade.

Germania

The female allegory of the German nation who wears a crown of oak leaves, which in German tradition stands for heroism.

Imperialism

The policy or practice of extending a country's power and influence through military force or territorial control over other regions.

Slavs

The inhabitants of the Balkan region, including present-day Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Croatia, and Greece, who shared common culture and language.