Periodic Table Trends + Electrons (incomplete)

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Chemistry

10th

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20 Terms

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Group
A vertical column on the Periodic Table.
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Period
A horizontal column on the Periodic Table.
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Metals
Metals are elements that are good conductors of electricity, malleable (can be made thin without breaking), and ductile (can be made into wires). Forms cations by loosing electrons.
Metals are elements that are good conductors of electricity, malleable (can be made thin without breaking), and ductile (can be made into wires). Forms cations by loosing electrons.
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Metalloids
Metalloids are elements that border the “red staircase” between metals and nonmetals and have some properties of both.
Metalloids are elements that border the “red staircase” between metals and nonmetals and have some properties of both.
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Nonmetals
Nonmetals are elements that do not have any properties of metals, they are poor conductors of electricity, have low melting points, and can be brittle. Forms anions by gaining electrons.
Nonmetals are elements that do not have any properties of metals, they are poor conductors of electricity, have low melting points, and can be brittle. Forms anions by gaining electrons.
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Noble Gasses
Nonmetals found in group 18 of the Periodic Table. Usually do not interact with other elements, “nobility”
Nonmetals found in group 18 of the Periodic Table. Usually do not interact with other elements, “nobility”
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Alkali Metals
Metals found in group 1 of the Periodic Table. Highly reactive.
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Alkaline Earth Metals
Metals found in group 2 of the Periodic Table. Slightly less reactive than Alkali metals.
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Halogens
Nonmetals found in group 17 of the Periodic Table. Very reactive and toxic. Produces salts when combined with metals.
Nonmetals found in group 17 of the Periodic Table. Very reactive and toxic. Produces salts when combined with metals.
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John Newland- Law of Octaves
Elements are arranged in order of their atomic mass, the 8th element resembles the 1st in physical and chemical properties.
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Dmitri Mendeleev
Created the first periodic table according to atomic mass and similar properties.
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Henry Moseley
Ordered the periodic table by atomic number
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Periodic Law
The repeating physical and chemical properties of elements change periodically with their atomic number.
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Valence Electrons
The number of electrons on the outermost energy levels of an atom. Can be found by looking at the group number of an element’s ones place ( except metals! ).
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Cation
An ion with a positive charge (cat-tions, cats have paws- itve)
An ion with a positive charge (cat-tions, cats have paws- itve)
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Anion
An ion with a negative charge (anit-ion, anti is to be against something, negative)
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Transition Metals
All metals in the d level block (middle of periodic table ! )
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Electron Sheilding
The outermost electrons (valence electrons) are shielded from the nucleus’ pull by the electrons between them. Electrons with less of a pull by the nucleus are easier to take, so ions are more easily formed.
The outermost electrons (valence electrons) are shielded from the nucleus’ pull by the electrons between them. Electrons with less of a pull by the nucleus are easier to take, so ions are more easily formed.
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Atomic Radius
The size of an atom, electrons take up most of the space. Increases up and down, decreases left to right.
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Electron Affinity
The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron