Stereochemistry

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20 Terms

1

Chirality

A property of a molecule that makes it non-superimposable on its mirror image.

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2

Achiral

An object that is identical to its mirror image.

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3

Enantiomer

Stereoisomers that are non-superposable mirror images of each other.

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4

Diastereomer

Stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other.

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5

Stereoisomer

Isomers that have the same connectivity of atoms but differ in their spatial arrangement.

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6

Constitutional Isomer

Isomers that have the same molecular formula but different connectivity.

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7

Optical Activity

The ability of chiral substances to rotate the plane of polarized light.

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8

Racemic Mixture

An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers that results in no net rotation of plane-polarized light.

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9

Chirality Center

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups, making the molecule chiral.

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10

Specific Rotation

The observed rotation of plane-polarized light corrected for the temperature and concentration.

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11

What is stereochemistry?

Stereochemistry is the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and how this affects their chemical behavior.

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12

What are the two main types of stereoisomers?

The two main types of stereoisomers are enantiomers and diastereomers.

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13

What distinguishes enantiomers from diastereomers?

Enantiomers are non-superposable mirror images, while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other.

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14

What is an example of a chiral molecule?

An example of a chiral molecule is 2-butanol, which has two enantiomers due to its chirality.

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15

How does chirality affect drug activity?

Chirality can significantly affect how drugs interact with biological systems; often, only one enantiomer is therapeutically active.

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16

What is the significance of the R/S nomenclature?

The R/S nomenclature designates the absolute configuration of chiral centers in molecules.

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17

What tools are used to determine optical activity?

Polarimetry is used to measure the optical activity of chiral compounds.

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18

What is a resolution in the context of stereochemistry?

Resolution refers to the process of separating racemic mixtures into their individual enantiomers.

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19

What does a racemic mixture consist of?

A racemic mixture consists of equal amounts of both enantiomers of a chiral compound.

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20

Why is optical purity important in pharmaceuticals?

Optical purity is important because the biological activity of drugs often depends on the specific enantiomer present.

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