SUSTAINT MOD1 HISTORY (YEARS)

1948

international union for the protection of nature is founded

1956

name changed to international union for conservation of nature and natural resources

1954

• harrison brown published the challenge of man’s future

• comprise the term “sustainable development”

1961

world wildlife fund (world wide fund for nature)

1962

rachel carson published silent spring (interconnections btwn environment, economy, social well-being + insecticides)

1968

club of rome (commissions a study of global proportions)

1969

friends of the earth (nonprofit advocacy org)

1970

first earth day proclaimed in san francisco

1971

founex report on development and environment (strategies)

1972

UN conference on the human environment is held in stockholm

1973

• young published tourism: blessing or blight

• drew attention to negative impacts of tourism (swarbrooke 1999)

1980

iucn published world conservation strategy

october 1982

un approved the world charter for nature (presented several measures for the protection of the environment)

1987

world commission on environment and development published our common future / brundtland report (popularized the term sustainable development: meets needs of present)

1987

dept of environment and natural resources drafted philippine strategy for sustainable development

1989

cabinet approved philippine strategy for sustainable development

1988

unwto defined sustainable tourism as management of all resources

1989

barbier, markandya, pearce published the blueprint for a green economy

1991

wood and house published the good tourist (tourist awareness)

1993

unep and the international council for local environmental initiatives published the tourism and local agenda 21: the role of local authorities in sustainable tourism

1994

turner et al. presented a sustainabiliity spectrum

1995

wto held the world conference on sustainable tourism in lanzarote, canary islands, spain

1996

un published a practical guide for the development and application of indicators of sustainable tourism

1997

delegates to the un framework convention on climate change (kyoto)

1998

unwto published the guide for local authorities ondeveloping sustainable tourism

1999

unwto published the global codes of ethic for tourism

2000

un millennium summit

2001

in biological diversity and sustainable tourism, the convention on biological diversity, unep and unwto recognize that tourism being a biodiversity-dependent industry needs to be committed to protecting the diversity of life on earth

2002

world summit on sustainable development in johannesburg marks the 10th anniversary of unced

2004

indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations: a guidebook

2005

unwto and unep published making tourism more sustainable: a guide for policy makers

2006

al gore published an inconvenient truth: the planetary emergency of global warming and what we can do about it

2008

climite change and tourism - responding to global challenges

2012

un conference on sustainable development gathers in rio de janeiro (20th anniv of 1992 rio summit)

2013

un proposes a global action programme on education for sustainable development after 2014

2014

• unesco world conference on education for sustainable development in aichi-nagoya

• end of un decaded of esd

• launch of global action programme

2015

deadline for achieving the mdgs

1970’s

PH TOURISM: mass tourism led to socio-cultural issues

1980’s

PH TOURISM: motivation was still economic but with tourism being managed like a corporation

1990’s

PH TOURISM: advent of sustainable development as a tourism development paradigm

2009

PH tourism act

2011-2016

national tourism development plan