PSYC 406 Intelligence Test

purpose of intelligence/ability testing

provide guidance, asses cognitive strengths/weaknesses, decision-making, diagnosis

Frances Galton

first to try to measure differences in intellectual capacities; intellectual differences were differences in sensation and perception abilities, human abilities have a normal distribution

Albert Binet

created Stanford-Binet test to id kids with special needs; intelligence comprised of complex mental acts (ex. imagination, memory, reasoning, etc.); first practical intelligence test

Stanford-Binet Test

identified tasks: age, school achievement, teacher's perception of ability
goal of test: judge, understand, and reason well

Binet Test norms

age norms that provide age equivalent score(mental age)
cut-offs: idiot, imbecile, moron, normal

David Weschler

arranged items according to content(subtests); 3 scores(IQ, VIQ, PIQ)

problem with IQ

score did not represent same relative position at one age as another

Wechsler scales of intelligence

preschool and primary scale of intelligence(2-7 years), intelligence scale for children(6-16 years), adult intelligence (16-90 years)

Spearman's Two-Factor Theory

two components: general variation(g-factor) and specific variance (s-factor+ error variance)

fluid intelligence (Gf)(Cattel-Horn)

problem-solving and info processing ability that is largely independent of experience

crystallized intelligence (Gc) (Cattel-Horn)

breadth and depth of general knowledge

other measured abilities in Cattel-Horn

visualization processing, processing speed, short-term memory

Three-stratum theory (hierarchical model) (Carrol)

stratum 1-3

Stratum 3

Broad cognitive ability

Stratum 2

General ability factors

Stratum 1

Narrowly defined cognitive abilities

WISC-V

Individual administration to assess cognitive function of kids 6-16

Picture concepts (fri)

Measure abstract, fluid, categorical reasoning ability
Child presented to two or three of images and asked to match similar ones

Letter -number sequencing (WMI)

Repeat letter and numbers in order

Cancellation (psi)

Connect objects that are all the same category (times compared to norm)

IQ scores meaning

look at picture