purpose of intelligence/ability testing
provide guidance, asses cognitive strengths/weaknesses, decision-making, diagnosis
Frances Galton
first to try to measure differences in intellectual capacities; intellectual differences were differences in sensation and perception abilities, human abilities have a normal distribution
Albert Binet
created Stanford-Binet test to id kids with special needs; intelligence comprised of complex mental acts (ex. imagination, memory, reasoning, etc.); first practical intelligence test
Stanford-Binet Test
identified tasks: age, school achievement, teacher's perception of ability goal of test: judge, understand, and reason well
Binet Test norms
age norms that provide age equivalent score(mental age) cut-offs: idiot, imbecile, moron, normal
David Weschler
arranged items according to content(subtests); 3 scores(IQ, VIQ, PIQ)
problem with IQ
score did not represent same relative position at one age as another
Wechsler scales of intelligence
preschool and primary scale of intelligence(2-7 years), intelligence scale for children(6-16 years), adult intelligence (16-90 years)
Spearman's Two-Factor Theory
two components: general variation(g-factor) and specific variance (s-factor+ error variance)
fluid intelligence (Gf)(Cattel-Horn)
problem-solving and info processing ability that is largely independent of experience
crystallized intelligence (Gc) (Cattel-Horn)
breadth and depth of general knowledge
other measured abilities in Cattel-Horn
visualization processing, processing speed, short-term memory
Three-stratum theory (hierarchical model) (Carrol)
stratum 1-3
Stratum 3
Broad cognitive ability
Stratum 2
General ability factors
Stratum 1
Narrowly defined cognitive abilities
WISC-V
Individual administration to assess cognitive function of kids 6-16
Picture concepts (fri)
Measure abstract, fluid, categorical reasoning ability Child presented to two or three of images and asked to match similar ones
Letter -number sequencing (WMI)
Repeat letter and numbers in order
Cancellation (psi)
Connect objects that are all the same category (times compared to norm)
IQ scores meaning
look at picture