MICROPARA (C18): Viral Infections

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States.

21

as of 2007, approximately how many nationally notifiable viral diseases are there

They multiply within Host cells

How do viruses Cause Disease?

cell destruction

when can the cell lead to show most of the symptoms

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

in this case, the virus destroys cells of the immune system that renders the patient unable to ward off various viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. the death of patients of this infection is from overwhelming infections caused by other Pathogens

CD4 cells

Cell where HIV binds at the first stage of being exposed to the virus

Chickenpox (Varicella)

an acute, generalized viral infection with fever and skin rash

shingles (herpes zoster)

is a reactivation of the varicella virus

Varicella-Zoster Virus

a DNA virus which is also known as human herpes virus 3

German Measles (Rubella)

Mild, febrile, viral disease. A fine pinkish, flat rash begins 1 or 2 days after the onset of symptoms. the rash starts on the neck and face and spreads to the trunk, arms, and legs (RNA virus)

Measles (Hard Measles Rubeola)

acute highly communicable viral disease with fever, conjunctivitis, cough and photosensitivity (RNA virus)

Monkeypox

rare viral disease that causes fever, headache, muscle ache, backache, lymphadenitis, malaise (fatigue), and a rash (DNA virus)

Smallpox

systemic viral infection with fever and malaise, headache, prostration, severe backache, a characteristic skin rash and occasional abdominal pain and vomiting (DNA virus)

Warts

varieties of skin and mucous membrane lesion including common warts (verrucae vulgaris) venereal warts, and plantar warts. Most are harmless but some can become cancerous

Adenoviral conjunctivitis and Keratoconjunctivitis

These are acute viral diseases of one or both eyes, associated with inflammation of the conjunctiva, edema of the eyelids and periorbital tissue, pain, photophobia, and blurred vision. the cornea is involved in about 50% of cases, with scarring of the cornea in sever cases

Adenoviruses

what virus can cause Adenoviral conjunctivitis

herpes Simplex and Varicella-Zoster

what virus can cause keratoconjunctivitis

hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

this viral disease has a sudden onset, with redness, swelling, and pain in one or both eyes. (caused by adenoviruses or enteroviruses)

Common Cold (Acute Viral Rhinitis, Acute Coryza)

A viral infection of the lining of the nose, sinuses, throat, and large airways.

Coryza

profuse discharge from nostrils

Rhinoviruses

The most common cause of the common cold in adults

Acute, febrile, viral respiratory disease

Caused by parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, rhinoviruses, certain coronaviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses;

transmission occurs via direct oral contact or by droplets

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

acute viral disease characterized by fever, myalgias (muscular pain), GI complaints, cough, difficulty breathing, and hypotension (decreased blood pressure). Caused by atleast 5 different hantaviruses

influenza (flu)

acute viral respiratory infection with fever, chills, headache, aches and pains throughout the body. they are single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Orthomyxovirus. a virus cause severe symptoms and is associated with pandemic and severe disease and more localized outbreaks

Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

Primarily a disease of birds but can cause human disease. in humans the virus causes a respiratory infections with manifestations ranging from influenza like symptoms to eye infections, pneumonia, acute and severe respiratory distress, and other severe and life threatening complications

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

viral respiratory illness with high fever, chills, headache, a general feeling of discomfort, body ache and sometimes diarrhea. most patients develop dry cough followed by pneumonia

Cold sores (fever blisters, herpes labialis)

Usually caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), but can be caused by herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2)

DNA viruses in the family Herpesviridae

Either HSV-1 or HSV-2 can also infect the genital tract, although genital herpes infections are most often caused by HSV-2.

Hepatitis A (HAV)

a non enveloped, linear ssRNA virus in the genus hepatovirus, family picornaviridae

Hepatitis B (HBV)

enveloped circular dsDNA virus in the genus orthohepadnavirus, family hepadnaviridae, the only DNA virus that causes Hepatitis

Hepatitis C (HCV)

enveloped linear ssRNA virus in genus Hepacivirus, family flaviviridae

Hepatitis D (delta hepatitis or HDV)

an enveloped circular ssRNA viral (defective RNA virus) satellite in the genus deltavirus

Hepatitis E (HEV)

spherical non enveloped ssRNA virus in the genus calcivirus, family calciviridae

Hepatitis G (HGV)

linear ssRNA virus in the genus Hepacivirus, family flaviviridae

anogenital herpes viral infection (genital herpes)

usually caused by herpes simplex virus type 2, occasionally by HSV1

transmission occurs via infected humans by direct sexual contact

genital warts (genital papillomatosis, condyloma acuminatum)

also known as human papillomavirus (HPV). dna viruses.

transmission occurs via infected humans by direct contact usually sexual. it can become malignant

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

HIV1 & HIV2

it has two types

___ 1 is the most common and

___ 2

infectious mononucleosis (kissing disease)

caused by the epstein-barr virus (EBV) which is also known as human herpes virus 4. a dna virus in the family herperviridae

mumps (infectious parotitis)

acute viral disease characterized by fever, swelling, and tenderness of one or more salivary glands, usually the parotid glands. an RNA virus

viral hemorrhagic disease (viral hemorrhagic fever)

are extremely serious acute viral illness caused by many different viruses including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus, lassa virus, ebola virus, and marburg virus

lymphocytic choreomeningitis

some patients develop fever, malaises, suppress appetite, muscle aches, headache, nausea, vomiting, ect. caused by lymphocytic choreomeningitis virus (LCMV)

poliomyelitis (polio, infantile paralysis)

in about 1% of patients the disease progresses to severe muscle pain, stiffness of the neck and back, with or without flaccid paralysis, major illness is more likely to occur in older children and adults caused by polio viruses. an RNA virus

Rabies

caused by rabies virus, a bullet shaped envelope rna virus. many reservoirs including dogs, foxes, coyotes, wolves, jackals, skunks, raccoons, mongooses, and bats. transmission occurs by the bite of a rabbit animal which introduces virus-laden saliva. airborne transmission from bats can also occur