The Profession and History of Medical Laboratory Science

Flashcards covering the definitions, history, key historical figures, and clinical developments of Medical Laboratory Science globally and in the Philippines.

How did Anna Fagelson define Medical Technology in 1961?

As a branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.

How did Heinemann define Medical Technology in 1963?

As the application of the principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences in laboratory procedures to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

What is Republic Act 5527 also known as?

The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969.

Under R.A. 5527, under whose supervision does a Medical Technologist work?

Under the supervision of a pathologist, or a licensed physician authorized by the Department of Health in places where there is no pathologist.

What are the educational qualifications required for a Medical Technologist according to R.A. 5527?

Having passed the prescribed course, Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology or Bachelor of Science in Hygiene (now Bachelor of Science in Public Health), and having passed the Board Examinations for Medical Technologists.

What is the role of a Cytotechnologist?

A laboratory practitioner specialized in the preparation of cell slides for microscopic study and detection of cellular abnormalities.

What is the role of a Histotechnologist?

A medical technologist specialized in the preparation of solid tissue samples for examination under the microscope.

To what era and year does Vivian Herrick trace the beginning of medical technology?

As early as 1550 BC, marked by the first documented records of parasites and parasitic infections.

Which intestinal parasitic infections are documented in the Ebers papyrus (1500 BC)?

Infections caused by Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia species.

How did Sushruta describe diabetes in 600 BC?

As characterized by the passage of a large amount of urine, noting that the madhumeha ('honey urine') from diabetes patients is sweet in taste and attracts black ants.

According to Hippocrates' four humors, what season, element, organ, and characteristics correspond to Blood (sanguis)?

Season: spring; Element: air; Organ: liver; Qualities: warm & moist; Ancient name: sanguine; Modern characteristics: artisan, courageous, hopeful, amorous.

According to Hippocrates' four humors, what season, element, organ, and characteristics correspond to Yellow bile (khole)?

Season: summer; Element: fire; Organ: spleen; Qualities: warm & dry; Ancient name: choleric; Modern characteristics: idealist, ambitious, leader-like, restless, easily angered, bad tempered.

According to Hippocrates' four humors, what season, element, organ, and characteristics correspond to Black bile (melaina khole)?

Season: autumn; Element: earth; Organ: gall bladder; Qualities: cold & dry; Ancient name: melancholic; Modern characteristics: guardian, despondent, quiet, analytical, serious, sleepless, irritable.

According to Hippocrates' four humors, what season, element, organ, and characteristics correspond to Phlegm (phlegma)?

Season: winter; Element: water; Organ: brain/lungs; Qualities: cold & moist; Ancient name: phlegmatic; Modern characteristics: rational, calm, thoughtful, patient, peaceful, unemotional.

How did Galen describe diabetes in 180 AD?

As 'diarrhea of urine', establishing the relationship between fluid intake and urine volume.

What was 'water casting' (uroscopy) during the Medieval Period (1098-1438)?

A widely practiced method of diagnosing diseases by examining urine samples submitted in decorative flasks.

Who was Alessandra Gillani and what happened to her in 1326?

An Italian laboratory practitioner hired at the University of Bologna by Mondino de' Liuzzi to perform tests and laboratory tasks, who died from a laboratory-acquired disease in 1326.

What discovery is attributed to William Harvey (1578-1657)?

The discovery of the circulation of blood.

Who was Marcello Malpighi and what is his title in pathology?

He was described as the 'greatest' of the early microscopists, renowned for exploring embryology and physiology of glands and viscera, and regarded as the founding father of modern anatomic pathology.

Who established the world's first pathology laboratory and is recognized as the father of microscopic pathology?

Rudolf Virchow.

Where and when was the first hospital-attached clinical laboratory established by Von Ziemssen?

In 1886 in Munich, Germany.

Who was employed as the Chemist-Microscopist at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1854?

John Bacon Jr.

Who opened a teaching laboratory at Bellevue Medical College in 1878 and gave the first laboratory course in pathology in an American Medical School?

Dr. William Welch.

Which laboratory, established in 1895, is considered by many as the first legitimate clinical science laboratory in the United States?

William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine (established by the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania).

What was the title of the 1908 book written by James Campbell Todd?

Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of Laboratory Methods.

Which institution was the first to offer a degree program in medical technology in 1923?

University of Minnesota.

What was the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines and where was it located?

The 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th Infantry of the US Army, established on Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila (now known as Manila Public Health Laboratory).

Who preserved the remains of the 26th Medical Laboratory with the assistance of Dr. Mariano Icasiano?

Dr. Pio de Roda.

Which institutions offered the first four-year Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology program in the Philippines in 1954?

Philippine Union College (now Adventist University of the Philippines) and Manila Sanitarium Hospital (now Manila Adventist Medical Center).

Who is recognized as the 'Founder of medical technology education in the Philippines'?

Dr. Willa Hilgert Hedrick.

Who was the first graduate of the Medical Technology program from Philippine Union College in 1956?

Dr. Jesse Umali.

When did Saint Louis University (SLU) start offering Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology, and when was its clinical laboratory opened?

SLU started offering BSMT in 1966, and opened the Imelda R. Marcos Clinical Laboratory (now SLU Clinical Laboratories) in 1970.