Studied by 5 people
What are Emotions?
They act as a motivator for people to take action in specific situations
Functionally connected to Motivation
How we see out experiences
What are the three components of Emotion?
Physiological Reaction (Body Response; blood pressure, muscle tension…)
Expressive Reaction (Facial expression, actions…)
Subjective Experience (Feelings)
What is the Brain-Based theory of Emotion?
Limbic System
Frontal Lobes
Limbic System and Emotion.
Amygdala (damage can lead to condition called ”psychic blindness” which is the inability to recognize meaningful/significant events, or fear of faces and voices).
Frontal Lobes and Emotion.
Prefrontal Cortex (Emotion control center; conscience feelings that allow us to take action based off our feelings)
Left (positive emotions); Right (negative emotions)
What did Paul Ekman contribute to Emotions Theories?
The Discrete Emotions Theory; humans have a small number of discrete (primary) emotions
Emotions (limbic system) precede thoughts/cognitions about emotional feelings (cortex)
What are Primary emotions?
Happiness, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, anger, contempt… Pride also.
How do Primary Emotions have an Evolutionary basis?
They are biologically innate
Darwin claims that humans and nonhumans have similar emotional expressions
How do Primary Emotions have a Universality basis?
Similar emotional expressions across cultures
Similar emotional recognition across cultures
What is the Facial feedback Hypothesis?
There is a unique facial expression for each primary emotion
Muscles in the face cause facial expressions that give signals to the brain in order for it to analyze the signal; this sensory feedback contributes to emotional feelings
What are the Cognitive Theories of Emotions?
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Brad Theory
Two-factor Theory
What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion?
Stimulus → Bodily Reactions → Subjective Emotional Experience (emotions are caused by bodily sensations; happier when smile).
What is the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion?
Stimulus → both Bodily Reactions and Subjective Emotional Experience (emotions and bodily sensations occur at the same time).
What is the Two-Factor Theory of Emotion?
Stimulus → Arousal + Appraisal → Subjective Emotional Experience (psychological arousal comes first, cognitive appraisal [labelling the emotion you are feeling and situation you are in] comes next which both lead to emotion).
What is Nonverbal Leakage of Emotion?
When nonverbal emotions unconsciously spill out.
Body Language/Gestures and Emotion.
Posture (prescription of emotions through bodily poses)
Gestures (Illustrators [speech] VS Manipulators [true emotions])
Emblems (culture specific gestures with conventional meanings)
Lying and Lie detection, and Emotion.
Nonverbal gestures help with identifying true emotion (also if people are lying)
Polygraph test (when a person lies, their heart rate increases and the lie detector measures heart rates)
What is Happiness?
Involves expectations; based on comparison
What is Happiness good for?
To produce enduring physical and psychological benefits
Broaden and Build Theory; happiness predisposes us to think more openly and allow us to see the bigger picture
What does Forecasting Happiness mean?
Affective Forecasting (prediction of one’s future emotional states)
Impact Bias
Hedonic Treadmill
What does Impact Bias mean?
Overestimating the length or intensity of future emotional states.
What does Hedonic Treadmill mean?
Tendency to quickly return to stable levels of happiness.
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