604: Larynx

thyroid gland

what is the largest endocrine gland in the body?

platysma m.

sternothyroid m.

sternohyoid m.

what 3 muscles must be reflected to view the thyroid gland?

cricothyroid m.

the thyroid gland lies posterior to all these muscles except:

-platysma m.

-cricothyroid m.

-sternothyroid m.

-sternohyoid m.

thyroid gland

produces T3, T4 & calcitonin in the body:

T3, T4

hormone that regulates metabolism:

calcitonin

hormone that regulates calcium levels:

common carotid a.

the thyroid lies medial to what artery?

internal jugular v.

the thyroid lies medial to what vein?

vagus n.

the thyroid lies medial to what nerve?

external carotid a.

the superior thyroid artery is a branch of the:

thyrocervical trunk

the inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the:

brachiocephalic trunk

the thyroid ima artery is a branch of the:

isthmus

the thyroid ima artery supplies the _______

trachea

what large structure lies directly posterior to the thyroid gland?

recurrent laryngeal n.

what structure runs in the groove between the trachea and the esophagus?

inferior thyroid a.

patient presents with the inability to speak after a thyroid removal surgery. You know that the surgeon must have nicked the recurrent laryngeal n. What artery was the surgeon ligating when he cut the recurrent laryngeal n.?

internal jugular v.

the superior thyroid vein drains into the:

internal jugular v.

the middle thyroid vein drains into the:

brachiocephalic v.

the inferior thyroid vein drains into the:

base of the tongue

the thyroid gland developed at the:

thyroglossal tract

The pyramidal lobe is actually a vestigial remnant of the:

thyroglossal duct cyst

presents as a painless swelling in the midline near hyoid bone that moves when swallowing. What is the diagnosis?

goiter

patient presents with abnormal enlargement of the neck. Patient experiences feeling of tightness in the throat area and hoarseness. Blood screening shows a normal calcium levels and low iodine levels. What is the diagnosis?

goiter

patient presents with the following CT. What is the diagnosis?

parathyroid hormone

hormones that regulates level of calcium in blood, bones, GI system

posterior

the parathyroid glands lie on the _______ aspect of the thyroid gland

larynx

what part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords?

tip of epiglottis

upper boundary of the larynx:

lower level of cricoid cartilage

lower boundary of the larynx:

C3-C4

the epiglottis lies at what vertebral level?

C6

the cricoid cartilage lies at what vertebral level?

inferior

the larynx is located _______ to the hyoid bone

superior

the larynx is located _______ to the thyroid gland

unpaired

is the epiglottis cartilage a paired or unpaired cartilage?

unpaired

is the thyroid cartilage a paired or unpaired cartilage?

unpaired

is the cricoid cartilage a paired or unpaired cartilage?

paired

is the arytenoid cartilage a paired or unpaired cartilage?

paired

is the corniculate cartilage a paired or unpaired cartilage?

paired

is the cuniform cartilage a paired or unpaired cartilage?

thyroid cartilage

what structure forms the Adam's apple?

thyroid cartilage

the laryngeal prominence is located on which cartilage?

thyroid laminae

identify the structure:

laryngeal prominence

identify the structure:

superior thyroid notch

identify the structure:

superior horn of thyroid cartilage

identify the structure:

inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

identify the structure:

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

identify the structure:

thyrohyoid membrane

identify the structure:

cricoid membrane

identify the structure:

thyrohyoid m.

sternothyroid m.

inferior constrictor of pharynx m.

what 3 muscles attach to the oblique line of thyroid cartilage?

inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

the lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage articulates with the:

cricoid cartilage

which cartilage is the 1st and only complete tracheal ring?

arytenoid cartilage

the upper border of the cricoid cartilage articulates with the:

cricoid cartilage

identify the structure:

arytenoid cartilage

identify the structure:

cricoid cartilage

the arytenoid cartilages sit on the posterior aspect of the:

corniculate cartilage

what structure sits on the apex of the arytenoid cartilages?

corniculate cartilage

identify the structure:

vocal process

the base of the arytenoid cartilage that give attachment to the vocal ligaments medially:

muscular process

the base of the arytenoid cartilage that give attachment to muscles laterally:

lateral cricoarytenoid m.

what muscle attaches to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage?

rima glottidis

the space between the vocal cords:

arytenoid cartilage

variation of the rima glottidis depends on the position of the:

epiglottis

identify the structure:

hyoepiglottic ligament

connects the epiglottis to the hyoid bone:

thyroepiglottic ligament

connects epiglottis to thyroid cartilage

vallecula

space between posterior portion of tongue and epiglottis

CN X

the taste buds located on the epiglottis are innervated by the:

piriform recess

Food passes over epiglottis and into the _______ before entering esophagus

aryepiglottic folds

this structure overlies quadrangular membrane and close off the space between epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages

cuneiform cartilage

which cartilage does not articulate with any other cartilage?

cricothyroid membrane

patient presents with the inability to breath. Everything else has bee unsuccessful, but you do know the obstruction is near the vocal cords. What structure must be pierced to perform a cricothyroidotomy?

cricotracheal membrane

if you needed to perform a tracheotomy, what structure must you pierce?

quadrangular membrane

Extends between the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilages. Its lower free edge forms the vestibular ligament

conus elasticus

Lower edge is attached to upper border of cricoid cartilage. Upper free edge forms vocal ligament

false vocal cords

the vestibular folds are considered the _________

true vocal cords

the vocal ligament is considered the ________

ventricle

area between true and false vocal folds

thyroarytenoid m.

vocalis m.

what two muscles form the vocal cords?

epiglottis

anterior boarder of the laryngeal inlet:

aryepiglottic folds

lateral boarder of the laryngeal inlet:

arytenoid cartilage

posterior boarder of the laryngeal inlet:

rima vestibuli

Narrow in the region of the vestibular (false) folds:

rima glottidis

Narrowest in the region of the vocal (true) folds:

digastric mm.

stylohyoid m.

mylohyoif m.

the extrinsic elevating muscles of the larynx are the:

sternothyroid m.

the extrinsic depressing muscle of the larynx are the:

oblique interarytenoid m.

identify the structure:

transverse interarytenoid m.

identify the structure:

aryepiglottic m.

identify the structure:

aryepiglottic m.

acts as a sphincter of the inlet during swallowing

cricothyroid m.

increases the distance between the angle of the thyroid cartilage & the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages, and results in increase in the length & tension of the vocal cords and raises the pitch of the voice

external branch of superior laryngeal n. (CN X)

innervation for cricothyroid m.:

cricothyroid m.

patient presents with abnormally low pitched voice. Which muscle may be compromised?

external branch of superior laryngeal n. (CN X)

patient presents with abnormally low pitched voice. Which nerve may be compromised?

cricothyroid m.

identify the structure:

thyroarytenoid m.

identify the structure:

vocalis m.

identify the structure:

vocalis m.

what muscle is the more medial portion of thyroarytenoid directly in contact with vocal ligament – responsible for fine control of vocal cords?

thyroarytenoid m.

what muscle pulls the arytenoid cartilage forward toward the thyroid cartilage and thus shortens and relaxes the vocal cords - lowering pitch of voice?

thyroepiglottic m.

which muscle helps to control size of laryngeal inlet, pulls laterally on the aryepiglottic fold and epiglottis so that it widens laryngeal inlet?