basic music final

whole note

four beat or four quarter notes

half note

two beats or two quarter notes

quarter note

one beat

eighth note

half a beat

sixteenth note

a quarter of a beat

time signature

top number is the number of beats in a measure, bottom number is the note value that gets the beat

tie

a symbol that connects two notes of the same pitch, indicating they should be played as one combined value

augmentation dot

a dot placed after a note that increases its duration by half of its original value

treble clef

a symbol used in music notation to indicate the pitch of the notes, typically representing higher pitches (G)

bass clef

a symbol used in music notation to indicate the pitch of lower notes, typically representing bass ranges (F)

ledger lines

horizontal lines used in music notation to extend the staff for notes that are too high or low to be placed on the standard lines or spaces

grand staff

a musical notation system that combines the treble clef and bass clef, allowing for a wider range of pitches to be represented

octave

the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency, encompassing eight diatonic scale degrees

ottava

a musical term indicating the octave above or below, often notated with the word "ottava" or a specific symbol

ottava bassa

indicates that the notes should be played one octave lower than written, often notated with "8va bassa"

treble clef lines

every good boy does fine

treble clef spaces

face

bass clef lines

great big dogs fight animals

bass clef spaces

all cows eat grass

accidental

a symbol used in music notation to raise or lower the pitch of a note by a half step or whole step, altering its natural state

flat

a type of accidental that lowers the pitch of a note by a half step

sharp

a type of accidental that raises the pitch of a note by a half step

natural

a type of accidental that cancels a previous sharp or flat, restoring the note to its original pitch

simple meters

time signatures where the beat divides into two equal parts, such as 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4

simple duple meters

a type of simple meter with two beats per measure, typically represented as 2/4

simple triple meters

a type of simple meter with three beats per measure, typically represented as 3/4

simple quadruple meters

a type of simple meter with four beats per measure, typically represented as 4/4

syncopation

a rhythmic concept where the emphasis is placed on normally weak beats or offbeats, creating unexpected patterns

major scale

a diatonic scale consisting of seven notes, with a specific pattern of whole and half steps that creates a bright and happy sound

functional name

a term used to describe the role of a chord within the context of a musical progression, indicating its function in relation to the tonic

do functional name

tonic - c major

re functional name

supertonic - d major

mi functional name

mediant - e major

fa functional name

subdominant - f major

sol functional name

dominant - g major

la functional name

submediant - a major

ti functional name

leading tone - b major

key

a set of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition. It establishes the tonal center, usually defined by the first note of the scale

key signature

a set of sharp or flat symbols placed at the beginning of a staff to indicate the key of a piece of music

order of sharps

FCGDAEB

order of flats

BEADGCF

minor scale

a seven-note scale that consists of a specific pattern of whole and half steps, typically followed by a lower third (A-A)

interval

the distance between two pitches, often described in terms of whole and half steps. It can be classified into different types such as major, minor, perfect, augmented, or diminished

major interval

an interval that is either a major second, major third, major sixth, or major seventh, characterized by a specific arrangement of whole and half stepsthat is larger than a perfect interval and includes a whole step plus additional half steps, resulting in a distinct sound quality

major second, M2

whole step, C—>D, ascending: “ruDOLPH, the red nose reindeer,” descending: “i SHOULD’ve known billie eilish”

major third, M3

four semitones, C—>E, ascending: “ahs” david bowie, descending: “summER loving, having a blast””

major sixth, M6

nine semitones, C—>A, ascending: “dashINg through the snow,” descending: “no surprises” intro

major seventh, M7

eleven semitones, C—>B, ascending: “someWHERE over the rainbow,” descending: “have YOURself a merry little christmas” final line