order of draw

specimen collection

The first consideration in the measurement of blood analyte is _________ .

Venous blood

is a commonly used sample in most Clinical Chemistry Analyses.

phlebotomy

act of collecting blood samples from the patient using venipuncture.

Personal Protective Equipment

Goggles, mask, gloves and lab coat are the most commonly used PPE to protect the laboratory personnel from exposure to possible infectious agents. 

Tourniquet

It is used as a vein compressor. Consequently, it prevents the return of venous blood to the heart. The prevention of blood flow to the heart causes the vein beneath the ___________ to become enlarged with blood. This technique allows the vein of interest to become easily palpable and visible to the phlebotomist.

Antiseptics

materials such as alcohol pads are commonly used to disinfect the area to be punctured for the collection of blood.

gauze pad

At the completion of a venipuncture procedure and prior to withdrawing the needle, a 2-by-2 inch _________ _____ is used. These pads are used by phlebotomists to apply pressure to the venipuncture site and maintain sterilization.

Syringe/Evacuated Tube System

These tools are used to puncture a vein with the intention of obtaining venous blood for diagnostic testing.

Evacuated Collection Tubes

These are necessary for phlebotomists to complete venipuncture procedures. These tubes may be plastic or glass with a colored, rubber top. The color of each top will vary in accordance with its additive to indicate the specific diagnostic test to be performed.

Requisition Form

These forms are also used during the identification process of each patient. Prior to the venipuncture procedure, proper identification of each patient is required in order to ensure proper healthcare is given to the appropriate individual.

Sharps Container

The use of these containers are necessary for the proper and safe disposal of used needles, syringes, lancets and any tool that can cause an incision. These containers are red in color with a biohazard sign and simply require the deposit of such used equipment.

Blood culture bottle / Yellow top

1st order

Light blue/black

2nd order

Red

3rd order

gold

4th order

light green (dark green)

5th order

Lavender / Pink / White

6th order

gray

7th order

yellow (non-sterile)

8th order

Aerobic

green blood culture additive

Anaerobic

orange blood culture additive

pediatric

yellow blood culture additive

SPS (sodium polyethol sulfonate)

Yellow sterile tube additive

Sodium citrate

Light blue additive

4:1 buffered sodium citrate

Black additive

gel separator

plastic red top additive

none

glass red top additive

clot activator, polymer gel, SST

gold top additive

heparin, polymer gel

Light green additive

sodium heparin, lithium heparin or ammonium heparin

dark green additive

edta

lavender additive

K2 EDTA

pink additive

Polymer gel with edta

pearl additive

sodium flouride or iodoacetate or potassium oxalate

gray additive

acid citrate dextrose (ACD-A)

yellow non sterile additive (1)

acid citrate dextrose (ACD-B)

yellow non sterile additive (2)

Red and Gold

which top are 5 inversions

light blue

which top needs 3-4 inversion

Blood Culture Bottle

pulls out calcium that complement from acting and being initiated in sample. Slow phagocytosis and reduce antibiotic effects.

Yellow (Sterile)

Used for blood culture system. Recover microorganisms causing blood infections.

light blue

This is use for coagulation studies such as PT/INR, PTT, Anti-Xa, fibrinogen, D-dimer and TEG studies.

black

For ESR studies only. Used for Westergren Sedimentation Rate

Red Top (Plastic)

Enhances coagulation to separate serum.

Gold

Separate cells from the serum of the blood sample.

Light Green and Dark Green

This tube is widely used for ammonium levels, pH level analysis, Blood Gas Analysis

Lavender / Pink / White

is used for many tests such as CBC and coagulation with factor V Leiden. It also preserves cellular morphology and inhibit platelet clumping.

Pink

Gray

This is used to lactic acid measurement, glucose tolerance test, FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar), Blood alcohol. Iodoacetate preserves glucose for 24 hours while Sodium fluoride preserves it for 72 hours.

Yellow (Non-Sterile)

This tube is mainly used for Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), Paternity testing, and Tissue typing

Serum

The clear yellow fluid separated when blood is allowed to clot freely.

Plasma

Yellowish and slight alkaline fluid, in which blood cells float.

Plasma

It is the blood fluid that contains blood-clotting agents.

Serum

It is the watery fluid from blood without the clotting factors.

Serum

contains proteins, electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, and hormones.

Serum

contains 90% water.

Plasma

contains all suspended blood cells with proteins, salts, lipids, glucose.

Plasma

contains 92-95% of water.

Plasma

contains clotting factors and water.

Serum

contains proteins like albumin and globulins.

Serum

Fibrinogen absent.

Plasma

Cells are usually attached together by clot formation

Plasma

Cells are not attached together and suspended in plasma.

Serum

Acquired from the process of spinning after clotting

Plasma

Acquired from the process of spinning before clotting.

Serum

Anticoagulant is not needed to separate this

Plasma

Anticoagulant is required to obtain this

Serum

Separation of ______ requires higher levels of expertise, expenses and is time-consuming.

Serum

Less volume of blood

1.024

The density of serum is ________g/ml.

55

Plasma consists of _____% of the total volume of blood.

Plasma

Separation is relatively easy and inexpensive

1.025

The density of plasma is _________g/ml.

Serum

is the primary source of electrolytes

Plasma

transport of excretory metabolites and materials in the blood. It also helps in the maintenance of blood pressure and in the regulation of body temperature.

serology

The branch of study that deals with studying serum and analyzing it for diagnostic purposes are called ________

Plasmapheresis

refers to the process of isolation of plasma from the blood using centrifugation.

Plasma

is delivered to the patients who lack blood cells.

Plasma

Transferred to patients who suffer from hemophilia, shocks, burns, and other clotting problems.

Serum

is usually used for the purpose of diagnostic testing. Other animal seras are used as anti-venom, antitoxins, and vaccinations. They are also used in humans for therapeutic purposes.

hemolyzed

rupture of RBCs so, HB released from RBCs

Icteric

serum appears yellow due to high bilirubin

Lipemic

serum appears milky or turbid due to high lipid

5

Collect ____ mL blood from the patient's vein.

half

Transfer ________ of the bood into a plain (red-top) tube and the other ______ into a tube with anticoagulant (preferably EDTA or violet-top evacuated tube).

15

Let the blood samples stand for ______ minutes at room temperature to allow the blood to clot.

side

Using clean applicator stick, gently swirl the ____ of the tube for the clotted blood

EDTA

To the _____ tube, invert the tube gently for eight times to ensure adequate mixing of blood with the anticoagulant.

2,000-2,500; 10

Centrifuge blood at ____ rpm for ___ minutes. Keep container stopper to prevent evaporation.

yellow

Separate the _____- juice both tubes and transfer to a clean dry test tube.